Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and
After nearly a century of recovery from overhunting, sea otter populations are in abrupt decline over large areas of western Alaska. Increased killer whale predation is the likely cause of these declines. Elevated sea urchin density and the consequent deforestation of kelp beds in the nearshore comm...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.621.8329 2023-05-15T17:03:26+02:00 Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems J. A. Estes M. T. Tinker T. M. Williams D. F. Doak The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.621.8329 http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.621.8329 http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T15:02:40Z After nearly a century of recovery from overhunting, sea otter populations are in abrupt decline over large areas of western Alaska. Increased killer whale predation is the likely cause of these declines. Elevated sea urchin density and the consequent deforestation of kelp beds in the nearshore community dem-onstrate that the otterÕs keystone role has been reduced or eliminated. This chain of interactions was probably initiated by anthropogenic changes in the offshore oceanic ecosystem. Apex predators often initiate forces that cas-cade across successively lower trophic levels, sometimes reaching the base of the food web (1). Plant-herbivore interactions vary predict-ably with trophic complexity in such systems, being weak or strong when the number of trophic levels is odd or even, respectively (2). Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and kelp forests Text Killer Whale Alaska Killer whale Unknown |
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Open Polar |
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ftciteseerx |
language |
English |
description |
After nearly a century of recovery from overhunting, sea otter populations are in abrupt decline over large areas of western Alaska. Increased killer whale predation is the likely cause of these declines. Elevated sea urchin density and the consequent deforestation of kelp beds in the nearshore community dem-onstrate that the otterÕs keystone role has been reduced or eliminated. This chain of interactions was probably initiated by anthropogenic changes in the offshore oceanic ecosystem. Apex predators often initiate forces that cas-cade across successively lower trophic levels, sometimes reaching the base of the food web (1). Plant-herbivore interactions vary predict-ably with trophic complexity in such systems, being weak or strong when the number of trophic levels is odd or even, respectively (2). Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and kelp forests |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Nearshore Ecosystems J. A. Estes M. T. Tinker T. M. Williams D. F. Doak |
spellingShingle |
Nearshore Ecosystems J. A. Estes M. T. Tinker T. M. Williams D. F. Doak Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
author_facet |
Nearshore Ecosystems J. A. Estes M. T. Tinker T. M. Williams D. F. Doak |
author_sort |
Nearshore Ecosystems |
title |
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
title_short |
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
title_full |
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
title_fullStr |
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
title_full_unstemmed |
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and |
title_sort |
killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.621.8329 http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf |
genre |
Killer Whale Alaska Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Alaska Killer whale |
op_source |
http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.621.8329 http://www.darienps.org/teachers/rgeithner/apes/labsactivitiesprojectsworksheets/killer_whales_otters_article_estes.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766057294652506112 |