COMMON NAMES:

• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arctic; Greenland; Hudson; Hudson Bay; Newfoundland; Orion; Canis lupus; gray wolf; Tundra
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.599.6609; http://washingtonwolf.info/canis lupus-fs_fed_us-2010 (2).pdf

gray wolf grey wolf timber wolf eastern timber wolf Rocky Mountain wolf lobo buffalo wolf brown wolf TAXONOMY: There are 32 subspecies of gray wolf worldwide; 24 of these occur in North America. They are differentiated by size, weight, color, cranial measurements, and geographic location [16,22,34]. However, these characteristics vary within each subspecies. Also their ranges can overlap and interbreeding occurs. Mech [22] stated that too many subspecies have been identified, and that some were distinguished from a small, insignificant sample size. All 24 North American subspecies are listed below. Those thought to be extinct are marked with an asterisk. Canis lupus ssp. irremotus C.l. ssp. columbianus Northern Rocky Mountain wolf C.l. ssp. occidentalis British Columbia wolf C.l. ssp. lycaon C.l. ssp. nubilus * plains wolf C.l. ssp. alces C.l. ssp. pambasileus northern timber wolf C.l. ssp. tundrarum barren ground or arctic wolf C.l. ssp. hudsonicus Hudson Bay wolf C.l. ssp. arctos American arctic or arctic tundra wolf C.l. ssp. orion Greenland wolf C.l. ssp. labradorius Labrador wolf C.l. ssp. beothucus * Newfoundland wolf C.l. ssp. ligoni Alexander Archipelago wolf C.l. ssp. fuscus * Cascade wolf C.l. ssp. crassodon C.l. ssp. youngi * Southern Rocky Mountain wolf Canis lupus