On the links between microwave and solar wavelengths interactions with snow-covered fi rst year sea ice

• Main Authors: David G. Barber, Ellsworth F. Ledrew
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1994
• Subjects: Arctic; albedo; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.590.9410; http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic47-3-298.pdf

ABSTRACT. Electromagnetic (EM) energy at solar and microwavelengths will interact with a snow-covered sea ice volume as a function of its geophysical properties. The seasonal metamorphosis of the snow cover modulates the relative distribution of the three main interaction mechanisms of EM energy: reflection, transmission, and absorption. We use a combination of modeling and observational data to illustrate how the total relative scattering cross section (σ˚) at microwavelengths can be used to estimate the surface climatological shortwave albedo and the transmitted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) for a snow-covered, first-year sea ice volume typical of the Canadian Arctic. Modeling results indicate that both 5.3 and 9.25 GHz frequencies, at HH polarization and incidence angles of 20˚, 30˚, and 40 ˚ can be used to estimate the daily averaged integrated climatological albedo (α). The models at 5.3 GHz, HH polarization, at 20˚, 30˚, and 40 ˚ incidence angles were equally precise in predications of α. The models at 9.25 GHz were slightly less precise, particularly at the 40 ° incidence angle. The reduction in precision at the 40 ˚ incidence angle was attributed to the increased sensitivity at both 5.3 and 9.25 GHz to the snow surface scattering term (σ˚ss) used in computation of the total relative scattering cross section (σ˚). Prediction of subsnow PAR was also possible using the same combination of microwave sensor variables utilized in prediction of α, but because subice algal communities have evolved to be low light sensitive, the majority of the growth cycle occurs prior to significant changes in σ˚. A method of remote estimation of snow thickness is required to be scientifically useful. Observational data from the European ERS-1 SAR were used to confirm the appropriateness of the modeled relationships between σ˚, α, and PAR. Over a time series spanning all conditions used in the modeled relationships, the same general patterns were observed between σ˚, α