EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS
The emergence of new steel grades is largely driven by the need to produce high quality steel at a competitive price. The principal aims are to attain ultra-high purity, (especially low interstitial elements) and ultra-cleanliness (by the control of the inclusion content and size). Whereas the steel...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.588.7031 2023-05-15T15:09:08+02:00 EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.588.7031 http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.588.7031 http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T13:22:45Z The emergence of new steel grades is largely driven by the need to produce high quality steel at a competitive price. The principal aims are to attain ultra-high purity, (especially low interstitial elements) and ultra-cleanliness (by the control of the inclusion content and size). Whereas the steel used to build the Titanic contained 650 ppm sulphur, resulting in MnS stringer-inclusions 25 mm in length, modern quality requirements for arctic pipelines would only allow 10 ppm of sulphur and inclusions in ball-bearing steels must be smaller than 5µm. Most developments are aimed at hot-metal treatment before refining and ladle treatment after decarburisation. Because ferroalloys are added during or after the refining step, it is the secondary (ladle) refining production technologies that are of specific interest to the ferroalloy producer. Through ladle treatment, hydrogen and nitrogen contents are reduced, ultra-low levels of solute impurities are attained and the shapes as well as the composition of inclusions are modified. Steelmakers are concerned about the cost effectiveness of the use of ferroalloys such as consistent product analysis and delivery, improved financing arrangements and technical support. Minimal variation in product sizing is vital because it impacts on handling problems and because particle size determines the rate of particle dissolution. The required ferroalloy product quality depends on the specific use but in general sulphur Text Arctic Unknown Arctic |
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The emergence of new steel grades is largely driven by the need to produce high quality steel at a competitive price. The principal aims are to attain ultra-high purity, (especially low interstitial elements) and ultra-cleanliness (by the control of the inclusion content and size). Whereas the steel used to build the Titanic contained 650 ppm sulphur, resulting in MnS stringer-inclusions 25 mm in length, modern quality requirements for arctic pipelines would only allow 10 ppm of sulphur and inclusions in ball-bearing steels must be smaller than 5µm. Most developments are aimed at hot-metal treatment before refining and ladle treatment after decarburisation. Because ferroalloys are added during or after the refining step, it is the secondary (ladle) refining production technologies that are of specific interest to the ferroalloy producer. Through ladle treatment, hydrogen and nitrogen contents are reduced, ultra-low levels of solute impurities are attained and the shapes as well as the composition of inclusions are modified. Steelmakers are concerned about the cost effectiveness of the use of ferroalloys such as consistent product analysis and delivery, improved financing arrangements and technical support. Minimal variation in product sizing is vital because it impacts on handling problems and because particle size determines the rate of particle dissolution. The required ferroalloy product quality depends on the specific use but in general sulphur |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
title |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
spellingShingle |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
title_short |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
title_full |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
title_fullStr |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
title_full_unstemmed |
EMERGING STEEL AND SPECIALTY STEEL GRADES AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES – IMPACTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF FERROALLOYS |
title_sort |
emerging steel and specialty steel grades and production technologies – impacts on the selection and use of ferroalloys |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.588.7031 http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.588.7031 http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconX/051.pdf |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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