The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52
ABSTRACT. The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of the Atlantic walrus is known from numerous collections of bones and tusks from Arctic Canada and south to North Carolina, as well as from many archaeological sites in the Arctic and Subarctic. In contrast, the Pacific walrus has no dated Late Wis...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.572.2516 2023-05-15T14:19:45+02:00 The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 Arthur S. Dyke James Hooper C. Richard Harington James M. Savelle The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 1999 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.572.2516 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.572.2516 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf Key words Pleistocene and Holocene fossil walrus sea ice deglaciation climate change archaeo text 1999 ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T12:35:01Z ABSTRACT. The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of the Atlantic walrus is known from numerous collections of bones and tusks from Arctic Canada and south to North Carolina, as well as from many archaeological sites in the Arctic and Subarctic. In contrast, the Pacific walrus has no dated Late Wisconsinan or early Holocene record in North America, and it may have been displaced into the northwest Pacific at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Atlantic walrus rapidly exploited newly deglaciated territory, moving northward from its LGM refugium and reaching the Bay of Fundy by 12 800 B.P., the Grand Banks by 12500 B.P., southern Labrador by 11 500 B.P., and the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) by 9700 B.P. Its southern range limit may have retracted to the Bay of Fundy by ca. 7500 B.P. Within the CAA, walrus remains cluster in two main age groups: 9700 to 8500 B.P. and 5000 to 4/3000 B.P. This pattern strongly resembles the distribution of bowhead whale radiocarbon ages from the same area, which suggests a common control by sea-ice conditions. Walrus remains occur in Indian culture archaeological sites as old as 7500 B.P. and, in some cases (Namu, British Columbia, and Mackinac Island, Michigan), they evidently represent long-distance human transport. They are much more common in Paleoeskimo and Neoeskimo culture sites. However, they occur in very low abundances, and generally as debitage, in sites older than Dorset (2500 B.P.). The walrus, therefore, may not have been hunted by early Paleoeskimos. Beginning with Early Dorset, walrus remains occur in definite diet-related contexts. Middle Dorset (2300 to 1500 B.P.) and late Thule (<400 B.P.) sites are missing from the High Arctic, and there may be a similar gap in the middle Pre-Dorset (3400 to 2600 B.P.). Sea-ice conditions Text Arctic Arctic Archipelago Arctic bowhead whale Canadian Arctic Archipelago Climate change Odobenus rosmarus Sea ice Subarctic walrus* Unknown Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Pacific Indian British Columbia ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
ftciteseerx |
language |
English |
topic |
Key words Pleistocene and Holocene fossil walrus sea ice deglaciation climate change archaeo |
spellingShingle |
Key words Pleistocene and Holocene fossil walrus sea ice deglaciation climate change archaeo Arthur S. Dyke James Hooper C. Richard Harington James M. Savelle The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
topic_facet |
Key words Pleistocene and Holocene fossil walrus sea ice deglaciation climate change archaeo |
description |
ABSTRACT. The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of the Atlantic walrus is known from numerous collections of bones and tusks from Arctic Canada and south to North Carolina, as well as from many archaeological sites in the Arctic and Subarctic. In contrast, the Pacific walrus has no dated Late Wisconsinan or early Holocene record in North America, and it may have been displaced into the northwest Pacific at Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Atlantic walrus rapidly exploited newly deglaciated territory, moving northward from its LGM refugium and reaching the Bay of Fundy by 12 800 B.P., the Grand Banks by 12500 B.P., southern Labrador by 11 500 B.P., and the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) by 9700 B.P. Its southern range limit may have retracted to the Bay of Fundy by ca. 7500 B.P. Within the CAA, walrus remains cluster in two main age groups: 9700 to 8500 B.P. and 5000 to 4/3000 B.P. This pattern strongly resembles the distribution of bowhead whale radiocarbon ages from the same area, which suggests a common control by sea-ice conditions. Walrus remains occur in Indian culture archaeological sites as old as 7500 B.P. and, in some cases (Namu, British Columbia, and Mackinac Island, Michigan), they evidently represent long-distance human transport. They are much more common in Paleoeskimo and Neoeskimo culture sites. However, they occur in very low abundances, and generally as debitage, in sites older than Dorset (2500 B.P.). The walrus, therefore, may not have been hunted by early Paleoeskimos. Beginning with Early Dorset, walrus remains occur in definite diet-related contexts. Middle Dorset (2300 to 1500 B.P.) and late Thule (<400 B.P.) sites are missing from the High Arctic, and there may be a similar gap in the middle Pre-Dorset (3400 to 2600 B.P.). Sea-ice conditions |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Arthur S. Dyke James Hooper C. Richard Harington James M. Savelle |
author_facet |
Arthur S. Dyke James Hooper C. Richard Harington James M. Savelle |
author_sort |
Arthur S. Dyke |
title |
The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
title_short |
The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
title_full |
The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
title_fullStr |
The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene record of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from North America: A review with new data from Arctic and Atlantic Canada. Arctic 52 |
title_sort |
late wisconsinan and holocene record of walrus (odobenus rosmarus) from north america: a review with new data from arctic and atlantic canada. arctic 52 |
publishDate |
1999 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.572.2516 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) |
geographic |
Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Pacific Indian British Columbia |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canadian Arctic Archipelago Canada Pacific Indian British Columbia |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Archipelago Arctic bowhead whale Canadian Arctic Archipelago Climate change Odobenus rosmarus Sea ice Subarctic walrus* |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Archipelago Arctic bowhead whale Canadian Arctic Archipelago Climate change Odobenus rosmarus Sea ice Subarctic walrus* |
op_source |
http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.572.2516 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic52-2-160.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766291493132173312 |