2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Northern right whales in the western North Atlantic number about 300 animals and have shown little sign of recovery in recent decades. Mortality and serious injury due to human activities, particularly commercial fishing and shipping, are thought to be significant factors limiting their recovery. Fr...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.557.7497 2023-05-15T16:08:20+02:00 2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean Amy R. Knowlton Scott D. Kraus The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.7497 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.7497 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T11:51:39Z Northern right whales in the western North Atlantic number about 300 animals and have shown little sign of recovery in recent decades. Mortality and serious injury due to human activities, particularly commercial fishing and shipping, are thought to be significant factors limiting their recovery. From 1970-1999, 45 right whale deaths were reliably documented. Sixteen of these fatalities (35.5%) were due to ship collisions, and three (6.7%) were due to entanglement in fishing gear. The remainder were neonates (13; 28.9%) and ‘unknown cause’ mortalities (13; 28.9%). Criteria for defining serious injuries and mortalities from entanglement or ship strikes were developed and include any animal carrying fishing gear, cuts from entanglement or ship strike deeper than 8cm, swelling or necrosis, evidence of poor health from such interactions, and, in carcasses, evidence of haematoma, haemorrhaging or broken bones. A total of 56 animals fitting the defined criteria were documented from 1970-1999: 31 (55.4%) from entanglement and 25 (44.6%) from ship strikes. Nineteen were fatal (16 ship strikes, 3 entanglements), 10 were possibly fatal (2 ship strikes, 8 entanglements) and 27 were non-fatal (7 ship strikes, 20 entanglements). The breakdown of potentially serious injuries by age and sex reveals no difference in levels between sexes but shows a 3.3:1 higher level of interaction in juveniles and calves versus adults. The data show that ship strikes are more immediately lethal, but entanglements can result in long term deterioration of an animal and may be responsible for higher levels of mortality than previously thought. Considering that some animals become entangled, drown and never return to the surface, even these levels may be underestimated. Between 1986 and 1999, 84 animals were presumed dead based on a lack of resightings for six years. There were 32 confirmed deaths during this time period suggesting Text Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic Unknown |
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Northern right whales in the western North Atlantic number about 300 animals and have shown little sign of recovery in recent decades. Mortality and serious injury due to human activities, particularly commercial fishing and shipping, are thought to be significant factors limiting their recovery. From 1970-1999, 45 right whale deaths were reliably documented. Sixteen of these fatalities (35.5%) were due to ship collisions, and three (6.7%) were due to entanglement in fishing gear. The remainder were neonates (13; 28.9%) and ‘unknown cause’ mortalities (13; 28.9%). Criteria for defining serious injuries and mortalities from entanglement or ship strikes were developed and include any animal carrying fishing gear, cuts from entanglement or ship strike deeper than 8cm, swelling or necrosis, evidence of poor health from such interactions, and, in carcasses, evidence of haematoma, haemorrhaging or broken bones. A total of 56 animals fitting the defined criteria were documented from 1970-1999: 31 (55.4%) from entanglement and 25 (44.6%) from ship strikes. Nineteen were fatal (16 ship strikes, 3 entanglements), 10 were possibly fatal (2 ship strikes, 8 entanglements) and 27 were non-fatal (7 ship strikes, 20 entanglements). The breakdown of potentially serious injuries by age and sex reveals no difference in levels between sexes but shows a 3.3:1 higher level of interaction in juveniles and calves versus adults. The data show that ship strikes are more immediately lethal, but entanglements can result in long term deterioration of an animal and may be responsible for higher levels of mortality than previously thought. Considering that some animals become entangled, drown and never return to the surface, even these levels may be underestimated. Between 1986 and 1999, 84 animals were presumed dead based on a lack of resightings for six years. There were 32 confirmed deaths during this time period suggesting |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Amy R. Knowlton Scott D. Kraus |
spellingShingle |
Amy R. Knowlton Scott D. Kraus 2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
author_facet |
Amy R. Knowlton Scott D. Kraus |
author_sort |
Amy R. Knowlton |
title |
2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
title_short |
2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
title_full |
2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean |
title_sort |
2001. mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (eubalaena glacialis) in the western north atlantic ocean |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.7497 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf |
genre |
Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Eubalaena glacialis North Atlantic |
op_source |
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.7497 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/interactions/injury/pdfs/day1_945_cole_knowlton_kraus.pdf |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766404386312945664 |