Earth Planets Space, 51, 621–628, 1999 Spatial structure of the 12-hour wave in the Antarctic as observed by radar

• Main Authors: D. M. Riggin, D. C. Fritts, M. J. Jarvis, G. O. L. Jones
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 1998
• Subjects: Antarctic; Austral; Forbes; Hernandez; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.536.9851; http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5107_08/51070621.pdf

We present radar measurements of the 12-hour wave, a zonal wavenumber 1 westward propagating wave that exists in the southern polar mesopause region winds (Hernandez et al., 1993; Forbes et al., 1995). MF radar measurements of the horizontal winds at McMurdo (77.8◦S, 166.67◦E) show that the 12-hour wave is highly seasonal, occurring during the austral summer solstice. During these seasonal occurrences, the wave is highly intermittent with amplitude peaks of>∼30 m s−1. The burst-like occurrences of large 12-hour wave amplitudes are highly correlated between the zonal and meridional direction. The diurnal tide over McMurdo has a more constant amplitude, but it is also an almost exclusively summertime phenomenon. Inertia-gravity wave activity is evident at periods less than 12 hr during the austral winter months. The weakening of gravity wave activity during the summer is probably due to critical layer filtering by the zonal mean wind, 12-hour wave and diurnal tide which are all strong during this season. The 12-hour wave is confined in height to the vicinity of the zero crossing in the zonal winds above the westward jet. Extreme distortion is observed in the vertical phase fronts of the 12-hour wave which could signify either refraction or in situ forcing. The distortion in the phase fronts and localization of the 12-hour wave in time and height is apparently responsible for departures in period from the nominal 12 hours. We do not find the wave period to be systematically different from 12 hours. The association of the 12-hour wave events with shear in the mean wind suggests that refractive effects could conceivably cause a dilation in wave amplitude. However, the shear is of the