References Supporting Online Material Enhanced modern heat transfer to the Arctic by warm Atlantic Water

• Main Authors: Robert F. Spielhagen, Kirstin Werner, Steffen Aagaard Sørensen, Katarzyna Zamelczyk, Evguenia K, Gereon Budeus, Katrine Husum, Thomas M. Marchitto, Morten Hald
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arctic; Jan Mayen
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.498.4695; http://instaar.colorado.edu/~marchitt//reprints/spielhagenscience11SOM.pdf

Sediment sampling, preparation, and CTD measurements The 46 cm long sediment core MSM5/5-712-1 was obtained by a giant box corer (50x50x60 cm) from RV Maria S. Merian on August 4, 2007. A surface sample was taken with a spoon by skimming off the uppermost ~0.5 cm and preserved in ethanol with Rose Bengal to stain living microorganisms. A plastic archive box was pressed horizontally into the core, thereby avoiding vertical compression. Slices of 0.5 cm thickness (~25 cm3) were taken manually from this box, freeze-dried, washed in deionized water through a 63 µm mesh and split into several size fractions. Dry bulk density was determined every 5 cm from defined 10 cm3 samples. Temperature and conductivity measurements at the position of site MSM5/5-712 were performed with calibrated Seabird 911 Plus CTDs from RV Jan Mayen (October 12, 2006; site JM06-WP-02) and RV Maria S. Merian (August 4, 2007; site MSM5/5-713-1). Uncertainties are <0.005°C and <0.005 practical salinity units. Radiocarbon dating Five accelerator mass spectrometry 14C datings (Table S1) were performed at the Leibniz Laboratory of Kiel University on ~2000 specimens of the planktic foraminifer