ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter
ABSTRACT. Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, the smallest of the marine arctic pinnipeds, are one of only two seal species in the world adapted to life in the land-fast sea ice. The habitat is characterized by a stable ice platform forming in early winter and lies at latitudes subject to extreme low tempe...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.496.594 2023-05-15T13:19:54+02:00 ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter Thomas G. Smith Michael O. Hammill Geir Taugbl The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 1990 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.594 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.594 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf text 1990 ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T08:48:27Z ABSTRACT. Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, the smallest of the marine arctic pinnipeds, are one of only two seal species in the world adapted to life in the land-fast sea ice. The habitat is characterized by a stable ice platform forming in early winter and lies at latitudes subject to extreme low temperatures. The small body size of adults and semi-altricial pups are an unusual adaptation to cold, allowing ringed seals to use shelters that they construct in the snow overlying their breathing holes. These small subnivean structures act to hide adults and pups from predators, especially polar bears, U r n marifimus, and arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus. It appears that dry lanugal pups could withstand the arctic cold without shelter, but pups that have been wetted become hypothermic and require shelter to regain thermoneutrality. Since female seals actively swim away with their pups from attacks on their birth lairs by foxes and bears, both the physical and the thermal protection of alternate subnivean lairs are important for the survival of the neonate. Weddell seals, Leptonychofes weddelli, resident in the land-fast ice of the Antarctic, are the ecological counterpart of the ringed seal. Their large body size is typical of the usual cold adaptive strategy of other polar phocid seals. Key words: ringed seal, behaviour, development, physiology, adaptations, arctic winter, Phoca hispida &SUM€?. Le phoque annelt, Phoca hispida, le plus petit des phoques marins de l’Arctique, est l’une des deux seules espbces adapttes B l’hiver dans les habitats côtiers; ces habitats se caractkrisent par une plate-forme de glace stable qui se forme au commencement de l’hiver B des latitudes auxquelles stvissent de trbs basses tempkratures. La petite taille des adultes et I’ktat de sous-dtveloppement relatif des nouveau-nts constituent des adaptations insolites au froid associbs B l’utilisation d’abris construits sous la neige. En plus d’aider iI l’tquilibre thermique Text Alopex lagopus Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Phoca hispida ringed seal Sea ice Weddell Seals Unknown Antarctic Arctic Phoques ENVELOPE(141.396,141.396,-66.814,-66.814) The Antarctic Weddell |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
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ftciteseerx |
language |
English |
description |
ABSTRACT. Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, the smallest of the marine arctic pinnipeds, are one of only two seal species in the world adapted to life in the land-fast sea ice. The habitat is characterized by a stable ice platform forming in early winter and lies at latitudes subject to extreme low temperatures. The small body size of adults and semi-altricial pups are an unusual adaptation to cold, allowing ringed seals to use shelters that they construct in the snow overlying their breathing holes. These small subnivean structures act to hide adults and pups from predators, especially polar bears, U r n marifimus, and arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus. It appears that dry lanugal pups could withstand the arctic cold without shelter, but pups that have been wetted become hypothermic and require shelter to regain thermoneutrality. Since female seals actively swim away with their pups from attacks on their birth lairs by foxes and bears, both the physical and the thermal protection of alternate subnivean lairs are important for the survival of the neonate. Weddell seals, Leptonychofes weddelli, resident in the land-fast ice of the Antarctic, are the ecological counterpart of the ringed seal. Their large body size is typical of the usual cold adaptive strategy of other polar phocid seals. Key words: ringed seal, behaviour, development, physiology, adaptations, arctic winter, Phoca hispida &SUM€?. Le phoque annelt, Phoca hispida, le plus petit des phoques marins de l’Arctique, est l’une des deux seules espbces adapttes B l’hiver dans les habitats côtiers; ces habitats se caractkrisent par une plate-forme de glace stable qui se forme au commencement de l’hiver B des latitudes auxquelles stvissent de trbs basses tempkratures. La petite taille des adultes et I’ktat de sous-dtveloppement relatif des nouveau-nts constituent des adaptations insolites au froid associbs B l’utilisation d’abris construits sous la neige. En plus d’aider iI l’tquilibre thermique |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Thomas G. Smith Michael O. Hammill Geir Taugbl |
spellingShingle |
Thomas G. Smith Michael O. Hammill Geir Taugbl ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
author_facet |
Thomas G. Smith Michael O. Hammill Geir Taugbl |
author_sort |
Thomas G. Smith |
title |
ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
title_short |
ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
title_full |
ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
title_fullStr |
ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
ARCTIC A Review of the Developmental, Behavioural and Physiological Adaptations of the Ringed Seal, Phoca hispida, to Life in the Arctic Winter |
title_sort |
arctic a review of the developmental, behavioural and physiological adaptations of the ringed seal, phoca hispida, to life in the arctic winter |
publishDate |
1990 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.594 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.396,141.396,-66.814,-66.814) |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Phoques The Antarctic Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Phoques The Antarctic Weddell |
genre |
Alopex lagopus Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Phoca hispida ringed seal Sea ice Weddell Seals |
genre_facet |
Alopex lagopus Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Arctic Phoca hispida ringed seal Sea ice Weddell Seals |
op_source |
http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.496.594 http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic44-2-124.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
_version_ |
1766350192197500928 |