Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes*
Different equilibria of oceanic thermohaline circulation may exist under the same forcing conditions. One of the reasons for the existence of these multiple equilibria is a feedback between the overturning circulation and the advective transport of salt and heat. In an equatorially symmetric configu...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.485.2242 2023-05-15T13:55:27+02:00 Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* Henk A. Dijkstra Wilbert Weijer J. David Neelin The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 2002 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.485.2242 http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.485.2242 http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf text 2002 ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T08:08:36Z Different equilibria of oceanic thermohaline circulation may exist under the same forcing conditions. One of the reasons for the existence of these multiple equilibria is a feedback between the overturning circulation and the advective transport of salt and heat. In an equatorially symmetric configuration, the multiple equilibria arise through symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcations when the strength of the freshwater forcing is increased. Here, continuation methods are used to track the fate of the different equilibria under equatorially asymmetric conditions in a three-dimensional, low-resolution ocean general circulation model in an Atlantic-like basin coupled to an energy-balance atmosphere model. The effect of the continental geometry, the presence of the Antarctic Cir-cumpolar Current (ACC), and asymmetric air–sea interaction on the preference of equilibria are considered. Although all asymmetry-inducing mechanisms favor northern Atlantic sinking states, the open Southern Ocean and ACC are shown to be substantial contributors. The origin of the hysteresis behavior between strong and weak overturning states is clarified in terms of the overall bifurcation picture. The disappearance of a class of southern sinking equilibria because of the combined effects of all asymmetry mechanisms leads to a substantial regime with a unique steady state. The relationship between the hysteresis regime and the unique-state regime provides a larger context for quantitative determination of the relevance of each to climate. 1. Text Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Unknown Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
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English |
description |
Different equilibria of oceanic thermohaline circulation may exist under the same forcing conditions. One of the reasons for the existence of these multiple equilibria is a feedback between the overturning circulation and the advective transport of salt and heat. In an equatorially symmetric configuration, the multiple equilibria arise through symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcations when the strength of the freshwater forcing is increased. Here, continuation methods are used to track the fate of the different equilibria under equatorially asymmetric conditions in a three-dimensional, low-resolution ocean general circulation model in an Atlantic-like basin coupled to an energy-balance atmosphere model. The effect of the continental geometry, the presence of the Antarctic Cir-cumpolar Current (ACC), and asymmetric air–sea interaction on the preference of equilibria are considered. Although all asymmetry-inducing mechanisms favor northern Atlantic sinking states, the open Southern Ocean and ACC are shown to be substantial contributors. The origin of the hysteresis behavior between strong and weak overturning states is clarified in terms of the overall bifurcation picture. The disappearance of a class of southern sinking equilibria because of the combined effects of all asymmetry mechanisms leads to a substantial regime with a unique steady state. The relationship between the hysteresis regime and the unique-state regime provides a larger context for quantitative determination of the relevance of each to climate. 1. |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Henk A. Dijkstra Wilbert Weijer J. David Neelin |
spellingShingle |
Henk A. Dijkstra Wilbert Weijer J. David Neelin Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
author_facet |
Henk A. Dijkstra Wilbert Weijer J. David Neelin |
author_sort |
Henk A. Dijkstra |
title |
Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
title_short |
Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
title_full |
Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
title_fullStr |
Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
title_full_unstemmed |
Imperfections of the Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Circulation: Hysteresis and Unique-State Regimes* |
title_sort |
imperfections of the three-dimensional thermohaline circulation: hysteresis and unique-state regimes* |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.485.2242 http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.485.2242 http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~csi/REF/pdfs/imp3d.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766262062307082240 |