DOI 10.1007/s00227-008-1102-0ORIGINAL PAPER Submesoscale distribution of Antarctic krill and its avian and pinniped predators before and after a near gale

• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Antarctic; Livingston Island; Antarc*; Antarctic Fur Seals; Antarctic Krill; Antarctica; Arctocephalus gazella; Cape Petrels; Daption capense; Euphausia superba; Pygoscelis antarctica
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.468.7708; http://www.msrc.sunysb.edu/~warren/www_files/my_pubs/warren_santora_demer_marbio_2009.pdf

Abstract We conducted two ship-based surveys of the nearshore ecosystem north of Livingston Island, Antarctica during 2–10 February 2005. Between the two surveys, a low-pressure system (963 mbar) passed through the area providing the opportunity to measure ecosystem parameters before and after a near gale. A ship-based multiple-frequency acoustic-backscatter survey was used to assess the distribution and relative abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Net tows, hydrographic proWles, and meteorological data were collected to measure biological and physical processes that might aVect the krill population. During the survey, the distribution and behavior of several krill predators [chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), cape petrels (Daption capense), and Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)] were measured from the vessel by visual observations. The survey encompassed an area of roughly 2,500 km2, containing two submarine canyons with one to the west and one to the east of Cape ShirreV, which had diVerent abundances of krill and predators. Several aspects of the nearshore ecosystem changed after the near gale including: hydrography of the upper 100 m of the water column, phytoplankton biomass, the abundance and distribution of krill, and the distribution of some krill pre-dators. DiVerences in these parameters were also measured between the two canyons. These changes in the physical and biological environment during the survey period are quantiWed and show that the ecosystem exhibited signiW-cant changes over relatively short spatial (tens of kilome-ters) and time (tens of hours) scales.