Materials and Method

• Main Authors: Z. Liu, B. L. Otto-bliesner, F. He, E. C. Brady, R. Tomas, P. U. Clark, A. E. Carlson, W. Curry, E. Brook, D. Erickson, R. Jacob, J. Kutzbach, J. Cheng, Figs S To S
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.9332; http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/seminars/pdfs/liu.etal.sci.2009(supp).pdf

(NCAR) CCSM3 with a dynamic global vegetation module. CCSM3 is a global, coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice–land surface climate model without flux adjustment (S1). All the simulations were performed in the version of T31_gx3v5 resolution (S2). The atmospheric model is the Community Atmospheric Model 3 (CAM3) with 26 hybrid coordinate levels in the vertical and ~3.75-degree resolution in the horizontal. The land model uses the same resolution as the atmosphere, and each grid box includes a hierarchy of land units, soil columns, and plant types. Glaciers, lakes, wetlands, urban areas, and vegetated regions can be specified in the land units. The ocean model is the NCAR implementation of the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) in vertical z-coordinate with 25 levels. The longitudinal resolution is 3.6-degree and the latitudinal resolution is variable, with finer resolution near the equator (~0.9 degrees). The sea ice model is the NCAR Community Sea Ice Model (CSIM). CSIM is a dynamic-thermodynamic model that includes a subgrid-scale ice thickness distribution. The resolution of CSIM is identical to that of POP. The preindustrial control simulation reproduces the major features of global climate, notably in the deep ocean (S3).