www.ann-geophys.net/24/2179/2006/ © European Geosciences Union 2006

• Main Authors: Á. Mika, C. Haldoupis, T. Neubert, H. T. Su, R. R. Hsu, R. J. Steiner, R. A. Marshall
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ionosp; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.404.7274; http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/31/88/50/PDF/angeo-24-2179-2006.pdf

Abstract. VLF remote sensing is used to detect lowerionospheric electron density changes associated with a certain type of transient luminous events known as elves. Both ground- and satellite-based observations of elves are analysed in relation to VLF data acquired at various receiver sites in Europe, the United States and Antarctica. Ground-based observations were performed during the EuroSprite2003 campaign, when five elves were captured by low-light cameras located in the Pyrenees. Analysis of VLF recordings from Crete shows early VLF perturbations accompanying all of the elves. A large dataset consisting of elves captured by the ISUAL (Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning) payload on Taiwan’s FORMOSAT-2 satellite over Europe and North America has also been analysed. Early/fast VLF perturbations were found to accompany some of the