Studies Estimating Global and Regional Health Benefits of Reductions in Black Carbon Geographic Scale Results of Study Mitigation Measures Pollutants Reference Studies of Mitigation Strategies for Ambient Reductions in BC Global, Arctic Global Global Glob

• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arctic; black carbon; Global warming
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.7870; http://www.epa.gov/blackcarbon/2012report/Appendix3.pdf

Fossil fuel soot (FS) and biofuel soot and gases (BSG) contribute to global warming, with FS being the greater contributor per unit mass. However, BSG may contribute 8 times more in premature mortalities than FS due to greater population exposures to BSG. Avoid 240,000 annual premature mortalities in China, 30,000 elsewhere globally. Find reductions in sulfates, OC, and BC collectively lead to loss in net negative radiative forcing. Relative to no extra controls, imposing tighter vehicle emission standards in developing countries avoids 120,000-280,000 premature air-pollution related deaths in 2030. Halving global anthropogenic BC emissions avoids 157,000 premature deaths annually worldwide, the vast majority of which occur within the source region. Most of the avoided deaths are achieved by halving East Asian emissions, but South Asian emissions have 50% greater mortality impacts per unit BC emitted than East Asian emissions. Residential and industrial emissions contribute disproportionately to mortality due to co-location with global population. About 8 times more avoided deaths estimated when anthropogenic BC+OC emissions halved compared with halving BC alone. Implementing all measures would avoid 1-5 million PM2.5 and O3-related premature deaths annually based on 2030 population, with the vast majority achieved by BC emissions controls. About 80 % of the avoided deaths occur in Asia. Avoided deaths occur regardless of simultaneous implementation of lowcarbon CO2 measures. Elimination of global anthropogenic FS and BSG. 50 % reduction in China’s 2030 SO2, OC, BC emissions from 2000 levels. Imposition of tighter vehicle emission standards (e.g. Euro 6 standards for light-duty vehicles)