2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation*
The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.395.1811 2023-05-15T14:01:16+02:00 2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* Andreas Schmittner Tiago A. M. Silva Klaus Fraedrich Edilbert Kirk Frank Lunkeit The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 2010 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.1811 http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.1811 http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf text 2010 ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T02:26:18Z The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at T42 resolution) to 0 (no mountains). The results suggest that the effects of mountains and ice sheets on the buoyancy and momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the surface ocean determine the present pattern of deep ocean circulation. Higher mountains reduce water vapor transport from the Pacific and Indian Oceans into the Atlantic Ocean and contribute to increased (decreased) salinities and enhanced (reduced) deepwater formation and meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic (Pacific). Orographic effects also lead to the observed interhemispheric asymmetry of midlatitude zonal wind stress. The presence of the Antarctic ice sheet cools winter air temperatures by more than 208C directly above the ice sheet and sets up a polar meridional overturning cell in the atmosphere. The resulting increased meridional temperature gradient strengthens midlatitude westerlies by;25 % and shifts them poleward by;108. This leads to enhanced and poleward-shifted upwelling of deep waters in the Southern Ocean, a stronger Antarctic Circumpolar Current, increased poleward atmospheric moisture transport, and more advection of high-salinity Indian Ocean water into the South Atlantic. Thus, it is the current configuration of mountains and ice sheets on earth that determines the difference in deep-water formation between the Atlantic and the Pacific. 1. Text Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Southern Ocean Unknown Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
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Open Polar |
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ftciteseerx |
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English |
description |
The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at T42 resolution) to 0 (no mountains). The results suggest that the effects of mountains and ice sheets on the buoyancy and momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the surface ocean determine the present pattern of deep ocean circulation. Higher mountains reduce water vapor transport from the Pacific and Indian Oceans into the Atlantic Ocean and contribute to increased (decreased) salinities and enhanced (reduced) deepwater formation and meridional overturning circulation in the Atlantic (Pacific). Orographic effects also lead to the observed interhemispheric asymmetry of midlatitude zonal wind stress. The presence of the Antarctic ice sheet cools winter air temperatures by more than 208C directly above the ice sheet and sets up a polar meridional overturning cell in the atmosphere. The resulting increased meridional temperature gradient strengthens midlatitude westerlies by;25 % and shifts them poleward by;108. This leads to enhanced and poleward-shifted upwelling of deep waters in the Southern Ocean, a stronger Antarctic Circumpolar Current, increased poleward atmospheric moisture transport, and more advection of high-salinity Indian Ocean water into the South Atlantic. Thus, it is the current configuration of mountains and ice sheets on earth that determines the difference in deep-water formation between the Atlantic and the Pacific. 1. |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Andreas Schmittner Tiago A. M. Silva Klaus Fraedrich Edilbert Kirk Frank Lunkeit |
spellingShingle |
Andreas Schmittner Tiago A. M. Silva Klaus Fraedrich Edilbert Kirk Frank Lunkeit 2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
author_facet |
Andreas Schmittner Tiago A. M. Silva Klaus Fraedrich Edilbert Kirk Frank Lunkeit |
author_sort |
Andreas Schmittner |
title |
2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
title_short |
2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
title_full |
2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
title_fullStr |
2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
title_full_unstemmed |
2814 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 24 Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation* |
title_sort |
2814 journal of climate volume 24 effects of mountains and ice sheets on global ocean circulation* |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.1811 http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Indian Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Southern Ocean |
op_source |
http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.1811 http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/fileadmin/files/forschung/theomet/docs/pdf/2011-Schmittner-jcl.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766270855642349568 |