The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People
Abstract: The classical three-waves theory of American peopling through Beringia was based on a mixed anthropological and linguistic methodology. The use of mtDNA, Y chromosome and other DNA markers offers different results according to the different markers and methodologies chosen by different aut...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.355.699 2023-05-15T16:07:09+02:00 The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People A. Arnaiz-villena C. Parga-lozano E. Moreno C. Areces D. Rey P. Gomez-prieto The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/zip http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.355.699 en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.355.699 Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/4f/bb/Curr_Genomics_2010_Apr_11(2)_103-114.tar.gz text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T00:33:37Z Abstract: The classical three-waves theory of American peopling through Beringia was based on a mixed anthropological and linguistic methodology. The use of mtDNA, Y chromosome and other DNA markers offers different results according to the different markers and methodologies chosen by different authors. At present, the peopling of Americas remains uncertain, regarding: time of population, number of peopling waves and place of peopling entrance among other related issues. In the present review, we have gathered most available HLA data already obtained about First Native American populations, which raise some doubts about the classical three waves of American peopling hypothesis. In summary, our conclusions are: 1) North West Canadian Athabaskans have had gene flow with: a) close neighboring populations, b) Amerindians, c) Pacific Islanders including East Australians and d) Siberians; 2) Beringia was probably not the only entrance of people to America: Pacific Ocean boat trips may have contributed to the HLA genetic American profile (or the opposite could also be true); 3) Amerindians entrance to America may have been different to that of Athabaskans and Eskimos and Amerindians may have been in their lands long before Athabaskans and Eskimos because they present and altogether different set of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies; 4) Amerindians show very few “particular alleles”, almost all are shared with other Amerindians, Athabaskans and Pacific Islanders, including East Australians and Siberians; 5) Our results do not support the three waves model of American peopling, but another model where the people entrance is not only Beringia, but also Pacific Coast. Reverse migration (America to Asia) is not discarded and different movements of people Text eskimo* Beringia Unknown Pacific |
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Abstract: The classical three-waves theory of American peopling through Beringia was based on a mixed anthropological and linguistic methodology. The use of mtDNA, Y chromosome and other DNA markers offers different results according to the different markers and methodologies chosen by different authors. At present, the peopling of Americas remains uncertain, regarding: time of population, number of peopling waves and place of peopling entrance among other related issues. In the present review, we have gathered most available HLA data already obtained about First Native American populations, which raise some doubts about the classical three waves of American peopling hypothesis. In summary, our conclusions are: 1) North West Canadian Athabaskans have had gene flow with: a) close neighboring populations, b) Amerindians, c) Pacific Islanders including East Australians and d) Siberians; 2) Beringia was probably not the only entrance of people to America: Pacific Ocean boat trips may have contributed to the HLA genetic American profile (or the opposite could also be true); 3) Amerindians entrance to America may have been different to that of Athabaskans and Eskimos and Amerindians may have been in their lands long before Athabaskans and Eskimos because they present and altogether different set of HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies; 4) Amerindians show very few “particular alleles”, almost all are shared with other Amerindians, Athabaskans and Pacific Islanders, including East Australians and Siberians; 5) Our results do not support the three waves model of American peopling, but another model where the people entrance is not only Beringia, but also Pacific Coast. Reverse migration (America to Asia) is not discarded and different movements of people |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
A. Arnaiz-villena C. Parga-lozano E. Moreno C. Areces D. Rey P. Gomez-prieto |
spellingShingle |
A. Arnaiz-villena C. Parga-lozano E. Moreno C. Areces D. Rey P. Gomez-prieto The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
author_facet |
A. Arnaiz-villena C. Parga-lozano E. Moreno C. Areces D. Rey P. Gomez-prieto |
author_sort |
A. Arnaiz-villena |
title |
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
title_short |
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
title_full |
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
title_fullStr |
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Origin of Amerindians and the Peopling of the Americas According to HLA Genes: Admixture with Asian and Pacific People |
title_sort |
origin of amerindians and the peopling of the americas according to hla genes: admixture with asian and pacific people |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.355.699 |
geographic |
Pacific |
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Pacific |
genre |
eskimo* Beringia |
genre_facet |
eskimo* Beringia |
op_source |
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/4f/bb/Curr_Genomics_2010_Apr_11(2)_103-114.tar.gz |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.355.699 |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766403195677966336 |