Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas
Background: Understanding the dynamics of the human range expansion across northeastern Eurasia during the late Pleistocene is central to establishing empirical temporal constraints on the colonization of the Americas [1]. Opinions vary widely on how and when the Americas were colonized, with advoca...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.351.5578 2023-05-15T15:10:43+02:00 Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas Marcus J. Hamilton Briggs Buchanan The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/zip http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.351.5578 en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.351.5578 Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/45/01/PLoS_One_2010_Aug_30_5(8)_e12472.tar.gz text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T00:22:31Z Background: Understanding the dynamics of the human range expansion across northeastern Eurasia during the late Pleistocene is central to establishing empirical temporal constraints on the colonization of the Americas [1]. Opinions vary widely on how and when the Americas were colonized, with advocates supporting either a pre-[2] or post-[1,3,4,5,6] last glacial maximum (LGM) colonization, via either a land bridge across Beringia [3,4,5], a sea-faring Pacific Rim coastal route [1,3], a trans-Arctic route [4], or a trans-Atlantic oceanic route [5]. Here we analyze a large sample of radiocarbon dates from the northeast Eurasian Upper Paleolithic to identify the origin of this expansion, and estimate the velocity of colonization wave as it moved across northern Eurasia and into the Americas. Methodology/Principal Findings: We use diffusion models [6,7] to quantify these dynamics. Our results show the expansion originated in the Altai region of southern Siberia,46kBP, and from there expanded across northern Eurasia at an average velocity of 0.16 km per year. However, the movement of the colonizing wave was not continuous but underwent three distinct phases: 1) an initial expansion from 47-32k calBP; 2) a hiatus from,32-16k calBP, and 3) a second expansion after the LGM,16k calBP. These results provide archaeological support for the recently proposed three-stage model of the colonization of the Americas [8,9]. Our results falsify the hypothesis of a pre-LGM terrestrial colonization of the Americas and we discuss the importance of these empirical results in the light of alternative models. Text Arctic Beringia Siberia Unknown Arctic Pacific |
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Background: Understanding the dynamics of the human range expansion across northeastern Eurasia during the late Pleistocene is central to establishing empirical temporal constraints on the colonization of the Americas [1]. Opinions vary widely on how and when the Americas were colonized, with advocates supporting either a pre-[2] or post-[1,3,4,5,6] last glacial maximum (LGM) colonization, via either a land bridge across Beringia [3,4,5], a sea-faring Pacific Rim coastal route [1,3], a trans-Arctic route [4], or a trans-Atlantic oceanic route [5]. Here we analyze a large sample of radiocarbon dates from the northeast Eurasian Upper Paleolithic to identify the origin of this expansion, and estimate the velocity of colonization wave as it moved across northern Eurasia and into the Americas. Methodology/Principal Findings: We use diffusion models [6,7] to quantify these dynamics. Our results show the expansion originated in the Altai region of southern Siberia,46kBP, and from there expanded across northern Eurasia at an average velocity of 0.16 km per year. However, the movement of the colonizing wave was not continuous but underwent three distinct phases: 1) an initial expansion from 47-32k calBP; 2) a hiatus from,32-16k calBP, and 3) a second expansion after the LGM,16k calBP. These results provide archaeological support for the recently proposed three-stage model of the colonization of the Americas [8,9]. Our results falsify the hypothesis of a pre-LGM terrestrial colonization of the Americas and we discuss the importance of these empirical results in the light of alternative models. |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Marcus J. Hamilton Briggs Buchanan |
spellingShingle |
Marcus J. Hamilton Briggs Buchanan Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
author_facet |
Marcus J. Hamilton Briggs Buchanan |
author_sort |
Marcus J. Hamilton |
title |
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
title_short |
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
title_full |
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
title_fullStr |
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas |
title_sort |
archaeological support for the three-stage expansion of modern humans across northeastern eurasia and into the americas |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.351.5578 |
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Arctic Pacific |
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Arctic Pacific |
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Arctic Beringia Siberia |
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Arctic Beringia Siberia |
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ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/45/01/PLoS_One_2010_Aug_30_5(8)_e12472.tar.gz |
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http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.351.5578 |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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