Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying
Bac k g r o u n d: People who live in dwellings treated with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] for disease–vector control in the tropics and indigenous populations in the Arctic who comsume marine mammals experience high nonoccupational exposure to...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.7940 2023-05-15T15:14:26+02:00 Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying Martin Scheringer Matthew Macleod Konrad Hungerbühler The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/zip http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.7940 en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.7940 Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/88/82/Environ_Health_Perspect_2011_May_17_119(5)_707-712.tar.gz text ftciteseerx 2016-01-07T21:33:36Z Bac k g r o u n d: People who live in dwellings treated with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] for disease–vector control in the tropics and indigenous populations in the Arctic who comsume marine mammals experience high nonoccupational exposure to DDT. Although the use of DDT in IRS is rising, the resulting nonoccupational exposure is poorly characterized. Objectives: We have provided a comparative assessment of exposure to DDT and its metabolites in the general population of the tropical and northern regions and in highly exposed populations in these regions. Me t h o d s: We compiled> 600 average or median DDT concentrations from the peer-reviewed literature, representing> 23,000 individual measurements in humans, food, air, soil, and dust. We use Monte Carlo sampling of distributions based on these data to estimate distributions of population- and route-specific uptake. We evaluate our exposure estimates by comparing them with biomonitoring data. Re s u l t s: DDT concentrations are highest in people living in IRS-treated houses and lowest in the northern general population, differing by a factor of about 60. Inuits and the general population in the tropics have similar concentrations. Inhalation exposure explains most of the difference in concentration between the highly exposed and the general population in the Tropics. Calculated exposure levels are consistent with human biomonitoring data. Con c l u s i o n s: Nonoccupational inhalation exposure is a relevant exposure pathway for people living in homes treated by IRS of DDT. Continued monitoring of time trends and DDE to DDT ratios in the Tropics and in the North is needed to identify a possible slowdown in concentration decline and the influence of ongoing DDT use. Text Arctic inuits Unknown Arctic |
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Bac k g r o u n d: People who live in dwellings treated with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] for disease–vector control in the tropics and indigenous populations in the Arctic who comsume marine mammals experience high nonoccupational exposure to DDT. Although the use of DDT in IRS is rising, the resulting nonoccupational exposure is poorly characterized. Objectives: We have provided a comparative assessment of exposure to DDT and its metabolites in the general population of the tropical and northern regions and in highly exposed populations in these regions. Me t h o d s: We compiled> 600 average or median DDT concentrations from the peer-reviewed literature, representing> 23,000 individual measurements in humans, food, air, soil, and dust. We use Monte Carlo sampling of distributions based on these data to estimate distributions of population- and route-specific uptake. We evaluate our exposure estimates by comparing them with biomonitoring data. Re s u l t s: DDT concentrations are highest in people living in IRS-treated houses and lowest in the northern general population, differing by a factor of about 60. Inuits and the general population in the tropics have similar concentrations. Inhalation exposure explains most of the difference in concentration between the highly exposed and the general population in the Tropics. Calculated exposure levels are consistent with human biomonitoring data. Con c l u s i o n s: Nonoccupational inhalation exposure is a relevant exposure pathway for people living in homes treated by IRS of DDT. Continued monitoring of time trends and DDE to DDT ratios in the Tropics and in the North is needed to identify a possible slowdown in concentration decline and the influence of ongoing DDT use. |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Martin Scheringer Matthew Macleod Konrad Hungerbühler |
spellingShingle |
Martin Scheringer Matthew Macleod Konrad Hungerbühler Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
author_facet |
Martin Scheringer Matthew Macleod Konrad Hungerbühler |
author_sort |
Martin Scheringer |
title |
Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
title_short |
Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
title_full |
Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
title_fullStr |
Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
title_full_unstemmed |
Research Assessment of Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT in the Tropics and the North: Relevance of Uptake via Inhalation from Indoor Residual Spraying |
title_sort |
research assessment of nonoccupational exposure to ddt in the tropics and the north: relevance of uptake via inhalation from indoor residual spraying |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.7940 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic inuits |
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Arctic inuits |
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ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/88/82/Environ_Health_Perspect_2011_May_17_119(5)_707-712.tar.gz |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.7940 |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766344894023991296 |