Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls
Background: Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony domes on their heads, suggestive of headbutting as seen in bighorn sheep and musk oxen. Previous biomechanical studies indicate potential for pachycephalosaur head-butting, but bone histology appears to contradict the behavio...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.290.3246 2023-05-15T17:13:37+02:00 Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls Eric Snively Jessica M. Theodor The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/zip http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3246 en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3246 Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/24/b9/PLoS_One_2011_Jun_28_6(6)_e21422.tar.gz text ftciteseerx 2016-01-07T21:32:08Z Background: Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony domes on their heads, suggestive of headbutting as seen in bighorn sheep and musk oxen. Previous biomechanical studies indicate potential for pachycephalosaur head-butting, but bone histology appears to contradict the behavior in young and old individuals. Comparing pachycephalosaurs with fighting artiodactyls tests for common correlates of head-butting in their cranial structure and mechanics. Methods/Principal Findings: Computed tomographic (CT) scans and physical sectioning revealed internal cranial structure of ten artiodactyls and pachycephalosaurs Stegoceras validum and Prenocephale prenes. Finite element analyses (FEA), incorporating bone and keratin tissue types, determined cranial stress and strain from simulated head impacts. Recursive partition analysis quantified strengths of correlation between functional morphology and actual or hypothesized behavior. Strong head-strike correlates include a dome-like cephalic morphology, neurovascular canals exiting onto the cranium surface, large neck muscle attachments, and dense cortical bone above a sparse cancellous layer in line with the force of impact. The head-butting duiker Cephalophus leucogaster is the closest morphological analog to Stegoceras, with a smaller yet similarly rounded dome. Crania of the duiker, pachycephalosaurs, and bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis share stratification of thick cortical and cancellous layers. Stegoceras, Cephalophus, and musk ox crania experience lower stress and higher Text musk ox Unknown |
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English |
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Background: Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony domes on their heads, suggestive of headbutting as seen in bighorn sheep and musk oxen. Previous biomechanical studies indicate potential for pachycephalosaur head-butting, but bone histology appears to contradict the behavior in young and old individuals. Comparing pachycephalosaurs with fighting artiodactyls tests for common correlates of head-butting in their cranial structure and mechanics. Methods/Principal Findings: Computed tomographic (CT) scans and physical sectioning revealed internal cranial structure of ten artiodactyls and pachycephalosaurs Stegoceras validum and Prenocephale prenes. Finite element analyses (FEA), incorporating bone and keratin tissue types, determined cranial stress and strain from simulated head impacts. Recursive partition analysis quantified strengths of correlation between functional morphology and actual or hypothesized behavior. Strong head-strike correlates include a dome-like cephalic morphology, neurovascular canals exiting onto the cranium surface, large neck muscle attachments, and dense cortical bone above a sparse cancellous layer in line with the force of impact. The head-butting duiker Cephalophus leucogaster is the closest morphological analog to Stegoceras, with a smaller yet similarly rounded dome. Crania of the duiker, pachycephalosaurs, and bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis share stratification of thick cortical and cancellous layers. Stegoceras, Cephalophus, and musk ox crania experience lower stress and higher |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
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Text |
author |
Eric Snively Jessica M. Theodor |
spellingShingle |
Eric Snively Jessica M. Theodor Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
author_facet |
Eric Snively Jessica M. Theodor |
author_sort |
Eric Snively |
title |
Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
title_short |
Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
title_full |
Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
title_fullStr |
Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
title_full_unstemmed |
Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and Combative Artiodactyls |
title_sort |
common functional correlates of head-strike behavior in the pachycephalosaur stegoceras validum (ornithischia, dinosauria) and combative artiodactyls |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3246 |
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musk ox |
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musk ox |
op_source |
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/24/b9/PLoS_One_2011_Jun_28_6(6)_e21422.tar.gz |
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http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.290.3246 |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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