Appendix —

• Main Author: M. Ellin Doyle
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arctic; Tundra
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.229.465; http://www.wisc.edu/fri/docs/pdf/FRI_Brief_CyanobacteriaToxins_Aug2011.pdf

Cyanobacteria (previously called blue green algae) are ancient single-celled organisms, widely distributed in aquatic environments, soil, and other moist surfaces and can survive in very inhospitable environments such as hot springs and the arctic tundra. Some species partner with fungi to form lichens, and others engage in symbiotic relationships with higher plants. Cyanobacteria in lakes are often overlooked until their populations grow rapidly, forming blooms that cover large areas of the surface of lakes. Increased light and warm temperatures of spring and summer and high nutrient levels, particularly phosphorus in runoff from agricultural operations and lawn fertilizers, are known to stimulate growth of cyanobacteria. Many cyanobacteria produce toxic compounds