Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean
Abstract: Despite being one of the largest biomes on earth, sea ice ecosystems have only received intensive study over the past 30 years. Sea ice is a unique habitat for assemblages of bacteria, algae, protists, and invertebrates that grow within a matrix dominated by strong gradients in temperature...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.174.3782 2023-05-15T16:36:33+02:00 Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean Kevin R. Arrigo David N. Thomas The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 2003 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.174.3782 http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.174.3782 http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf text 2003 ftciteseerx 2016-01-07T16:09:46Z Abstract: Despite being one of the largest biomes on earth, sea ice ecosystems have only received intensive study over the past 30 years. Sea ice is a unique habitat for assemblages of bacteria, algae, protists, and invertebrates that grow within a matrix dominated by strong gradients in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and UV and visible radiation. A suite of physiological adaptations allow these organisms to thrive in ice, where their enormous biomass makes them a fundamental component of polar ecosystems. Sea ice algae are an important energy and nutritional source for invertebrates such as juvenile krill, accounting for up to 25 % of total annual primary production in ice-covered waters. The ability of ice algae to produce large amounts of UV absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids makes them even more important to organisms like krill that can incorporate these sunscreens into their own tissues. Furthermore, the nutrient and light conditions in which sea ice algae thrive induce them to synthesize enhanced concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a vital constituent of the diet of grazing organisms, especially during winter. Finally, sea ice bacteria and algae have become the focus of biotechnology, and are being considered as proxies of possible life forms on ice-covered extraterrestrial systems. An analysis of how the balance between sea ice and pelagic production might change under a warming scenario indicates that when current levels of primary production and changes in the areas of sea ice habitats are taken into account, the expected 25 % loss of sea ice over the next century would increase primary production in the Southern Ocean by approximately 10%, resulting in a slight negative feedback on climate warming. Text ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean ice covered waters Unknown Southern Ocean |
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English |
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Abstract: Despite being one of the largest biomes on earth, sea ice ecosystems have only received intensive study over the past 30 years. Sea ice is a unique habitat for assemblages of bacteria, algae, protists, and invertebrates that grow within a matrix dominated by strong gradients in temperature, salinity, nutrients, and UV and visible radiation. A suite of physiological adaptations allow these organisms to thrive in ice, where their enormous biomass makes them a fundamental component of polar ecosystems. Sea ice algae are an important energy and nutritional source for invertebrates such as juvenile krill, accounting for up to 25 % of total annual primary production in ice-covered waters. The ability of ice algae to produce large amounts of UV absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids makes them even more important to organisms like krill that can incorporate these sunscreens into their own tissues. Furthermore, the nutrient and light conditions in which sea ice algae thrive induce them to synthesize enhanced concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a vital constituent of the diet of grazing organisms, especially during winter. Finally, sea ice bacteria and algae have become the focus of biotechnology, and are being considered as proxies of possible life forms on ice-covered extraterrestrial systems. An analysis of how the balance between sea ice and pelagic production might change under a warming scenario indicates that when current levels of primary production and changes in the areas of sea ice habitats are taken into account, the expected 25 % loss of sea ice over the next century would increase primary production in the Southern Ocean by approximately 10%, resulting in a slight negative feedback on climate warming. |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Kevin R. Arrigo David N. Thomas |
spellingShingle |
Kevin R. Arrigo David N. Thomas Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
author_facet |
Kevin R. Arrigo David N. Thomas |
author_sort |
Kevin R. Arrigo |
title |
Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large scale importance of sea ice biology in the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
large scale importance of sea ice biology in the southern ocean |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.174.3782 http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean ice covered waters |
genre_facet |
ice algae Sea ice Southern Ocean ice covered waters |
op_source |
http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.174.3782 http://www.bangor.ac.uk/%7Eoss102/Arrigo_thomas.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766026889547218944 |