Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions
Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global multicategory thickness and enth...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.167.119 2023-05-15T13:36:13+02:00 Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions Jinlun Zhang The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 2006 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.167.119 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.167.119 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf text 2006 ftciteseerx 2016-01-07T15:52:26Z Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global multicategory thickness and enthalpy distribution sea ice model coupled to an ocean model. Forced by the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, the model simulates an increase of 0.20 � 10 12 m 3 yr �1 (1.0 % yr �1) in total Antarctic sea ice volume and 0.084 � 10 12 m 2 yr �1 (0.6% yr �1) in sea ice extent from 1979 to 2004 when the satellite observations show an increase of 0.027 � 10 12 m 2 yr �1 (0.2 % yr �1) in sea ice extent during the same period. The model shows that an increase in surface air temperature and downward longwave radiation results in an increase in the upper-ocean temperature and a decrease in sea ice growth, leading to a decrease in salt rejection from ice, in the upper-ocean salinity, and in the upper-ocean density. The reduced salt rejection and upper-ocean density and the enhanced thermohaline stratification tend to suppress convective overturning, leading to a decrease in the upward ocean heat transport and the ocean heat flux available to melt sea ice. The ice melting from ocean heat flux decreases faster than the ice growth does in the weakly stratified Southern Ocean, leading to an increase in the net ice production and hence an increase in ice mass. This mechanism is the main reason why the Text Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean Unknown Antarctic Southern Ocean |
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description |
Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global multicategory thickness and enthalpy distribution sea ice model coupled to an ocean model. Forced by the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, the model simulates an increase of 0.20 � 10 12 m 3 yr �1 (1.0 % yr �1) in total Antarctic sea ice volume and 0.084 � 10 12 m 2 yr �1 (0.6% yr �1) in sea ice extent from 1979 to 2004 when the satellite observations show an increase of 0.027 � 10 12 m 2 yr �1 (0.2 % yr �1) in sea ice extent during the same period. The model shows that an increase in surface air temperature and downward longwave radiation results in an increase in the upper-ocean temperature and a decrease in sea ice growth, leading to a decrease in salt rejection from ice, in the upper-ocean salinity, and in the upper-ocean density. The reduced salt rejection and upper-ocean density and the enhanced thermohaline stratification tend to suppress convective overturning, leading to a decrease in the upward ocean heat transport and the ocean heat flux available to melt sea ice. The ice melting from ocean heat flux decreases faster than the ice growth does in the weakly stratified Southern Ocean, leading to an increase in the net ice production and hence an increase in ice mass. This mechanism is the main reason why the |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Jinlun Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Jinlun Zhang Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
author_facet |
Jinlun Zhang |
author_sort |
Jinlun Zhang |
title |
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
title_short |
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
title_full |
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
title_fullStr |
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Increasing Antarctic Sea Ice under Warming Atmospheric and Oceanic Conditions |
title_sort |
increasing antarctic sea ice under warming atmospheric and oceanic conditions |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.167.119 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.167.119 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/Zhang_Antarctic_20-11-2515.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
_version_ |
1766075500014338048 |