Predation rates, timing, and predator composition for scoters (Melanitta spp.) in marine habitats. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90

• Main Authors: Eric M Anderson, Daniel Esler, W Sean Boyd, Joseph R Evenson, David R Nysewander, David H Ward, Rian D Dickson, Brian D Uher-Koch, Corey S Vanstratt, Jerry W Hupp
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2012
• Subjects: Brune; Pacific; macreuse brune; Melanitta fusca; Alaska
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1080.3551; http://www.sfu.ca/biology/wildberg/papers/Anderson%20et%20al.%202012%20CJZ.pdf

Abstract: Studies of declining populations of sea ducks have focused mainly on bottom-up processes with little emphasis on the role of predation. We identified 11 potential predators of White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca (L., 1758)) and Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) in North A...