the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland
Ecological changes affect pathogen epidemiology and evolution and may trigger the emergence of novel diseases. Aquaculture radically alters the ecology of fish and their pathogens. Here we show an increase in the occurrence of the bacterial fish disease Flavobacterium columnare in salmon fingerlings...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1069.8962 2023-05-15T17:42:42+02:00 the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland Proc R B K Soc L.-R Pulkkinen A F Suomalainen D Read P Ebert E T Rintamäki Valtonen K Pulkkinen L.-R Suomalainen A F Read D Ebert P Rintamä Ki E T Valtonen The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1069.8962 http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1069.8962 http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf text ftciteseerx 2020-04-26T00:18:21Z Ecological changes affect pathogen epidemiology and evolution and may trigger the emergence of novel diseases. Aquaculture radically alters the ecology of fish and their pathogens. Here we show an increase in the occurrence of the bacterial fish disease Flavobacterium columnare in salmon fingerlings at a fish farm in northern Finland over 23 years. We hypothesize that this emergence was owing to evolutionary changes in bacterial virulence. We base this argument on several observations. First, the emergence was associated with increased severity of symptoms. Second, F. columnare strains vary in virulence, with more lethal strains inducing more severe symptoms prior to death. Third, more virulent strains have greater infectivity, higher tissue-degrading capacity and higher growth rates. Fourth, pathogen strains co-occur, so that strains compete. Fifth, F. columnare can transmit efficiently from dead fish, and maintain infectivity in sterilized water for months, strongly reducing the fitness cost of host death likely experienced by the pathogen in nature. Moreover, this saprophytic infectiousness means that chemotherapy strongly select for strains that rapidly kill their hosts: dead fish remain infectious; treated fish do not. Finally, high stocking densities of homogeneous subsets of fish greatly enhance transmission opportunities. We suggest that fish farms provide an environment that promotes the circulation of more virulent strains of F. columnare. This effect is intensified by the recent increases in summer water temperature. More generally, we predict that intensive fish farming will lead to the evolution of more virulent pathogens. Text Northern Finland Unknown |
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English |
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Ecological changes affect pathogen epidemiology and evolution and may trigger the emergence of novel diseases. Aquaculture radically alters the ecology of fish and their pathogens. Here we show an increase in the occurrence of the bacterial fish disease Flavobacterium columnare in salmon fingerlings at a fish farm in northern Finland over 23 years. We hypothesize that this emergence was owing to evolutionary changes in bacterial virulence. We base this argument on several observations. First, the emergence was associated with increased severity of symptoms. Second, F. columnare strains vary in virulence, with more lethal strains inducing more severe symptoms prior to death. Third, more virulent strains have greater infectivity, higher tissue-degrading capacity and higher growth rates. Fourth, pathogen strains co-occur, so that strains compete. Fifth, F. columnare can transmit efficiently from dead fish, and maintain infectivity in sterilized water for months, strongly reducing the fitness cost of host death likely experienced by the pathogen in nature. Moreover, this saprophytic infectiousness means that chemotherapy strongly select for strains that rapidly kill their hosts: dead fish remain infectious; treated fish do not. Finally, high stocking densities of homogeneous subsets of fish greatly enhance transmission opportunities. We suggest that fish farms provide an environment that promotes the circulation of more virulent strains of F. columnare. This effect is intensified by the recent increases in summer water temperature. More generally, we predict that intensive fish farming will lead to the evolution of more virulent pathogens. |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Proc R B K Soc L.-R Pulkkinen A F Suomalainen D Read P Ebert E T Rintamäki Valtonen K Pulkkinen L.-R Suomalainen A F Read D Ebert P Rintamä Ki E T Valtonen |
spellingShingle |
Proc R B K Soc L.-R Pulkkinen A F Suomalainen D Read P Ebert E T Rintamäki Valtonen K Pulkkinen L.-R Suomalainen A F Read D Ebert P Rintamä Ki E T Valtonen the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
author_facet |
Proc R B K Soc L.-R Pulkkinen A F Suomalainen D Read P Ebert E T Rintamäki Valtonen K Pulkkinen L.-R Suomalainen A F Read D Ebert P Rintamä Ki E T Valtonen |
author_sort |
Proc R B K Soc |
title |
the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
title_short |
the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
title_full |
the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
title_fullStr |
the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
title_full_unstemmed |
the case of columnaris disease in Finland Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: References Subject collections Intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in Finland |
title_sort |
case of columnaris disease in finland intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: references subject collections intensive fish farming and the evolution of pathogen virulence: the case of columnaris disease in finland |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1069.8962 http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf |
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Northern Finland |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland |
op_source |
http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1069.8962 http://evolution.unibas.ch/ebert/publications/papers/01_papers/2010_Pulkkinen_ProRSocB.pdf |
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Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
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1766144611804250112 |