Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota)

• Main Authors: J Ozsef Geml, Frank Kauff, Christian Brochmann, François Lutzoni, Gary A Laursen, Scott A Redhead, D Lee, Kentaro Hosaka
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arctic; Subarctic
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1067.9659; http://lutzonilab.org/publications/lutzoni_file641.pdf

Although Lichenomphalia species inhabit vast regions in several continents, no information is available on their genetic variation across geographic regions and the underlying population-phylogenetic patterns. We collected samples from arctic and subarctic regions, as well as from newly discovered subantarctic localities for the genus. Phylogenetic, nonparametric permutation methods, and coalescent analyses were used to assess phylogeny and population divergence and to estimate the extent and direction of gene flow among distinct geographic populations. All known species formed monophyletic groups, supporting their morphology-based delimitation. In addition, we found two subantarctic phylogenetic species (Lichenomphalia sp. and Lichenomphalia aff. umbellifera), of which the latter formed a well-supported sister group to L. umbellifera. We found no significant genetic differentiation among conspecific North American and Eurasian populations in