• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Subjects: Svalbard; Svalbard Archipelago; Jan Mayen; Hagen; Nordli; Festningselva; Svensksunddjupet; Vardebreen; glacier; Isfjord*; Isfjorden; permafrost; Tidewater; Spitsbergen
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1031.4233; http://hol.sagepub.com/content/17/6/707.full.pdf

cross-cuts the southern slope. It is in the continuation of the river Festningselva that drains the glacier Vardebreen (Figure 1C). Svensksunddjupet is surrounded by drainage areas with 56 % gla-cier cover in the north and 16 % in the south (Hagen et al., 1993). The drainage areas have alpine morphology with up to 1000 m high mountains. No tidewater glaciers supply sediments directly to Svensksunddjupet. However, the two land-based glaciers, Daud-mannsbreen in the north and Vardebreen in the south, are connected to the outer parts of Isfjorden by rivers (see Figure 1C). The precipitation within the drainage areas surrounding Svensk-sunddjupet is modelled to be 500–1100 mm/yr in the south and up to 2100 mm/yr in the north (Humlum, 2002). The average temperature on central Spitsbergen is c. −6°C (Nordli et al., 1996). Sub-zero aver-age temperatures occur from October through May. Meltwater runoff from rivers occurs generally between June and September, with peak runoff in July (Pettersson, 1994; Killingtveit et al., 2003). Permafrost occurs on the entire Svalbard archipelago. It reaches depths of 200 to 450 m (Liestøl, 1976). Svensksunddjupet is surrounded by deformed Proterozoic phyl-lites, and NNW–SSE striking, partly intensely deformed and steeply inclined sedimentary rocks (Ohta et al., 1992; Dallmann et al., 2002). Material and methods Swath bathymetry data, 3.5 kHz penetration echo sounder data and sediment cores provide the material for this study (Figure 1C). All data were collected with R/V Jan Mayen.