Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience
Changes in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despit...
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ftciradhal:oai:HAL:tel-02174929v1 2024-05-19T07:44:20+00:00 Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience Risques passés et futurs de feux de forêts et leurs incidences sur la résilience de la forêt boréale de l’Est Canadien Chaste, Émeline Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM) Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris sciences et lettres Université du Québec à Montréal Christelle Hély-Alleaume Martin Girardin Yves Bergeron 2018-11-20 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/file/2018PSLEP047_archivage.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD NNT: 2018PSLEP047 tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/file/2018PSLEP047_archivage.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 Milieux et Changements globaux. Université Paris sciences et lettres; Université du Québec à Montréal, 2018. Français. ⟨NNT : 2018PSLEP047⟩ Forest productivity LPJ-LMfire Climate change Forest management Variability Productivité forestière Changements climatiques Aménagement forestier Variabilité [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2018 ftciradhal 2024-05-02T00:18:52Z Changes in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the future of the forest is uncertain because the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and standing biomass are still poorly understood. The primary objective is therefore to assess the potential effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and fires, and to characterize their joint effects on the resilience of eastern Canada's boreal forest on both sides of the northern limit of managed forests (NLMF). Simulations were carried out with the LPJ-LMfire dynamic global vegetation model and focused on three specific objectives: (1) to reconstruct fire activity during the 20th century and analyze changes in spatial and temporal fire trends related to vegetation and climate, (2) to analyze the forest response projection to climate change and to fire increase to assess if abrupt changes in biomass of dominant species could occur, (3) to simulate trajectories of past fires and vegetation in response to Holocene climatic variations to understand the relationship between climate, fire and vegetation. For the first time, simulations are performed on the eastern boreal forest with LPJ-LMfire over 6000 years and at high spatial resolution (100 km 2) over a study area stretching west to east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. The plant functional types for the four dominant tree genera (Picea, Abies, Pinus, Populus) have been parameterized. The predictive capabilities of the model were tested over the 20th century by comparing simulated annual rates of combustion and biomass with independent observations. The same variables, simulated over the past 6,000 years, have been compared to paleoecological reconstructions from lacustrine records of microcharcoals and pollen. ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Newfoundland CIRAD: HAL (Agricultural Research for Development) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
CIRAD: HAL (Agricultural Research for Development) |
op_collection_id |
ftciradhal |
language |
French |
topic |
Forest productivity LPJ-LMfire Climate change Forest management Variability Productivité forestière Changements climatiques Aménagement forestier Variabilité [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems |
spellingShingle |
Forest productivity LPJ-LMfire Climate change Forest management Variability Productivité forestière Changements climatiques Aménagement forestier Variabilité [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems Chaste, Émeline Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
topic_facet |
Forest productivity LPJ-LMfire Climate change Forest management Variability Productivité forestière Changements climatiques Aménagement forestier Variabilité [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology environment/Ecosystems |
description |
Changes in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the future of the forest is uncertain because the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and standing biomass are still poorly understood. The primary objective is therefore to assess the potential effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and fires, and to characterize their joint effects on the resilience of eastern Canada's boreal forest on both sides of the northern limit of managed forests (NLMF). Simulations were carried out with the LPJ-LMfire dynamic global vegetation model and focused on three specific objectives: (1) to reconstruct fire activity during the 20th century and analyze changes in spatial and temporal fire trends related to vegetation and climate, (2) to analyze the forest response projection to climate change and to fire increase to assess if abrupt changes in biomass of dominant species could occur, (3) to simulate trajectories of past fires and vegetation in response to Holocene climatic variations to understand the relationship between climate, fire and vegetation. For the first time, simulations are performed on the eastern boreal forest with LPJ-LMfire over 6000 years and at high spatial resolution (100 km 2) over a study area stretching west to east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. The plant functional types for the four dominant tree genera (Picea, Abies, Pinus, Populus) have been parameterized. The predictive capabilities of the model were tested over the 20th century by comparing simulated annual rates of combustion and biomass with independent observations. The same variables, simulated over the past 6,000 years, have been compared to paleoecological reconstructions from lacustrine records of microcharcoals and pollen. ... |
author2 |
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM) Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris sciences et lettres Université du Québec à Montréal Christelle Hély-Alleaume Martin Girardin Yves Bergeron |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Chaste, Émeline |
author_facet |
Chaste, Émeline |
author_sort |
Chaste, Émeline |
title |
Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
title_short |
Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
title_full |
Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
title_fullStr |
Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
title_full_unstemmed |
Past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern Canadian boreal forest resilience |
title_sort |
past and future wildfire risks and their impacts on the eastern canadian boreal forest resilience |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/file/2018PSLEP047_archivage.pdf |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 Milieux et Changements globaux. Université Paris sciences et lettres; Université du Québec à Montréal, 2018. Français. ⟨NNT : 2018PSLEP047⟩ |
op_relation |
NNT: 2018PSLEP047 tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929 https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/document https://theses.hal.science/tel-02174929/file/2018PSLEP047_archivage.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1799484112598204416 |