Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity

• Published in: New Phytologist
• Main Authors: Coiro, Mario, Allio, Rémi, Mazet, Nathan, Seyfullah, Leyla, J., Condamine, Fabien, L
• Other Authors: University of Vienna Vienna, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MC has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Lise Meitner project no. M3168. The visit of MC to the NRM and the NHM was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 226506 (SYNTHESYS project SE-TAF-5774 and project GB-TAF-5763). The computational results presented have been achieved in part using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC). This project benefited from an Investissements d'Avenir' program managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-0025) and the ANR GAARAnti project (ANR-17-CE31-0009)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-17-CE31-0009,GAARAnti,Pont terrestre 'GAARlandia' vs voies de dispersion à travers les Petites Antilles–Couplage entre dynamique de la subduction et processus de l'évolution des espèces dans le domaine des Caraïbes.(2017), European Project: 226506,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1,SYNTHESYS(2009)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: Antarctica; Cycadales; Fossil leaves; Greenland; Historical biogeography; Total-evidence analysis; MESH: Bayes Theorem; MESH: Biodiversity; MESH: Cycadopsida; MESH: Fossils; MESH: Phylogeny; [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]; [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics; Phylogenetics and taxonomy; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04144335; https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04144335/document; https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04144335/file/New%20Phytologist%20-%202023%20-%20Coiro.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19010

We dedicate this study to the memory of our esteemed colleague Nathalie S. Nagalingum. International audience The determinants of biodiversity patterns can be understood using macroevolutionary analyses. The integration of fossils into phylogenies offers a deeper understanding of processes underlying biodiversity patterns in deep time. Cycadales are considered a relict of a once more diverse and globally distributed group but are restricted to low latitudes today. We still know little about their origin and geographic range evolution. Combining molecular data for extant species and leaf morphological data for extant and fossil species, we study the origin of cycad global biodiversity patterns through Bayesian totalevidence dating analyses. We assess the ancestral geographic origin and trace the historical biogeography of cycads with a time-stratified process-based model. Cycads originated in the Carboniferous on the Laurasian landmass and expanded in Gondwana in the Jurassic. Through now-vanished continental connections, Antarctica and Greenland were crucial biogeographic crossroads for cycad biogeography. Vicariance is an essential speciation mode in the deep and recent past. Their latitudinal span increased in the Jurassic and restrained toward subtropical latitudes in the Neogene in line with biogeographic inferences of high-latitude extirpations. We show the benefits of integrating fossils into phylogenies to estimate ancestral areas of origin and to study evolutionary processes explaining the global distribution of present-day relict groups.