Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions
Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy...
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ftcicerosfk:oai:pub.cicero.oslo.no:11250/2759996 2023-05-15T15:15:59+02:00 Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje Koren Langner, Joakim 2019 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2759996 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 eng eng Copernicus publications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019, 19 (4), 2385-2403. urn:issn:1680-7316 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2759996 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 cristin:1702348 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no CC-BY 2385-2403 19 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4 Journal article Peer reviewed 2019 ftcicerosfk https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 2021-10-19T09:16:50Z Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy context to compare the climate impact of different anthropogenic forcing agents. These metrics typically relate a forcing change in a certain region with a temperature change in another region and thus often require a separate model to convert emission changes to radiative forcing (RF) changes. In this study, we used a coupled Earth system model, NorESM (Norwegian Earth System Model), to calculate emission-to-temperature-response metrics for sulfur diox ide (SO2) emission changes in four different policy-relevant regions: Europe (EU), North America (NA), East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA). We first increased the SO2 emissions in each individual region by an amount giv ing approximately the same global average radiative forc ing change (−0.45 Wm−2 ). The global mean temperature change per unit sulfur emission compared to the control experiment was independent of emission region and equal to ∼0.006 K(TgSyr−1) −1 . On a regional scale, the Arctic showed the largest temperature response in all experiments. The second largest temperature change occurred in the region of the imposed emission increase, except when South Asian emissions were changed; in this experiment, the temperature response was approximately the same in South Asia and East Asia. We also examined the non-linearity of the temperature response by removing all anthropogenic SO2 emissions over Europe in one experiment. In this case, the tempera ture response (both global and regional) was twice that in the corresponding experiment with a European emission increase. This non-linearity in the temperature response is one of many uncertainties associated with the use of simplified climate metrics. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo (BIBSYS Brage) Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 4 2385 2403 |
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Open Polar |
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Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo (BIBSYS Brage) |
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language |
English |
description |
Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy context to compare the climate impact of different anthropogenic forcing agents. These metrics typically relate a forcing change in a certain region with a temperature change in another region and thus often require a separate model to convert emission changes to radiative forcing (RF) changes. In this study, we used a coupled Earth system model, NorESM (Norwegian Earth System Model), to calculate emission-to-temperature-response metrics for sulfur diox ide (SO2) emission changes in four different policy-relevant regions: Europe (EU), North America (NA), East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA). We first increased the SO2 emissions in each individual region by an amount giv ing approximately the same global average radiative forc ing change (−0.45 Wm−2 ). The global mean temperature change per unit sulfur emission compared to the control experiment was independent of emission region and equal to ∼0.006 K(TgSyr−1) −1 . On a regional scale, the Arctic showed the largest temperature response in all experiments. The second largest temperature change occurred in the region of the imposed emission increase, except when South Asian emissions were changed; in this experiment, the temperature response was approximately the same in South Asia and East Asia. We also examined the non-linearity of the temperature response by removing all anthropogenic SO2 emissions over Europe in one experiment. In this case, the tempera ture response (both global and regional) was twice that in the corresponding experiment with a European emission increase. This non-linearity in the temperature response is one of many uncertainties associated with the use of simplified climate metrics. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje Koren Langner, Joakim |
spellingShingle |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje Koren Langner, Joakim Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
author_facet |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje Koren Langner, Joakim |
author_sort |
Lewinschal, Anna |
title |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_short |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_full |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_fullStr |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_sort |
local and remote temperature response of regional so2 emissions |
publisher |
Copernicus publications |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2759996 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
2385-2403 19 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4 |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2019, 19 (4), 2385-2403. urn:issn:1680-7316 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2759996 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 cristin:1702348 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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19 |
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4 |
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2385 |
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2403 |
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