Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction
The cause for the end Permian mass extinction, the greatest challenge life on Earth faced in its geologic history, is still hotly debated by scientists. The most significant marker of this event is the negative delta C-13 shift and rebound recorded in marine carbonates with a duration ranging from 2...
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ftchinacscnigpas:oai:ir.nigpas.ac.cn:332004/12652 2023-05-15T17:11:48+02:00 Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction Brand, Uwe Blarney, Nigel Garbelli, Claudio Griesshaber, Erika Posenato, Renato Angiolini, Lucia Azmy, Karem Farabegoli, Enzo Came, Rosemarie 2016-12-01 http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/12652 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 英语 eng ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PALAEOWORLD Brand, U ,Blarney, N ,Garbelli, C ,et al. Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction[J]. Palaeoworld,2016,25(4):496-507. http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/12652 doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 End Permian Brachiopods Gas inclusions Methane hydrate Biotic crisis PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY BRACHIOPOD CALCITE FLUID INCLUSIONS CARBON TEXTURE SYSTEM OCEANS SHELLS EVENT Paleontology 期刊论文 2016 ftchinacscnigpas https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 2019-09-27T00:06:16Z The cause for the end Permian mass extinction, the greatest challenge life on Earth faced in its geologic history, is still hotly debated by scientists. The most significant marker of this event is the negative delta C-13 shift and rebound recorded in marine carbonates with a duration ranging from 2000 to 19 000 years depending on localities and sedimentation rates. Leading causes for the event are Siberian trap volcanism and the emission of greenhouse gases with consequent global warming. Measurements of gases vaulted in calcite of end Permian brachiopods and whole rock document significant differences in normal atmospheric equilibrium concentration in gases between modern and end Permian seawaters. The gas composition of the end Permian brachiopod-inclusions reflects dramatically higher seawater carbon dioxide and methane contents leading up to the biotic event. Initial global warming of 811 degrees C sourced by isotopically light carbon dioxide from volcanic emissions triggered the release of isotopically lighter methane from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrates. Consequently, the huge quantities of methane emitted into the atmosphere and the oceans accelerated global warming and marked the negative delta C-13 spike observed in marine carbonates, documenting the onset of the mass extinction period. The rapidity of the methane hydrate emission lasting from several years to thousands of years was tempered by the equally rapid oxidation of the atmospheric and oceanic methane that gradually reduced its warming potential but not before global warming had reached levels lethal to most life on land and in the oceans. Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of similar to 314% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 degrees C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic. The end Permian holds an important lesson for humanity regarding the issue it faces today with greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved. Report Methane hydrate permafrost Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology: NIGPAS OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Palaeoworld 25 4 496 507 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology: NIGPAS OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences) |
op_collection_id |
ftchinacscnigpas |
language |
English |
topic |
End Permian Brachiopods Gas inclusions Methane hydrate Biotic crisis PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY BRACHIOPOD CALCITE FLUID INCLUSIONS CARBON TEXTURE SYSTEM OCEANS SHELLS EVENT Paleontology |
spellingShingle |
End Permian Brachiopods Gas inclusions Methane hydrate Biotic crisis PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY BRACHIOPOD CALCITE FLUID INCLUSIONS CARBON TEXTURE SYSTEM OCEANS SHELLS EVENT Paleontology Brand, Uwe Blarney, Nigel Garbelli, Claudio Griesshaber, Erika Posenato, Renato Angiolini, Lucia Azmy, Karem Farabegoli, Enzo Came, Rosemarie Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
topic_facet |
End Permian Brachiopods Gas inclusions Methane hydrate Biotic crisis PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY BRACHIOPOD CALCITE FLUID INCLUSIONS CARBON TEXTURE SYSTEM OCEANS SHELLS EVENT Paleontology |
description |
The cause for the end Permian mass extinction, the greatest challenge life on Earth faced in its geologic history, is still hotly debated by scientists. The most significant marker of this event is the negative delta C-13 shift and rebound recorded in marine carbonates with a duration ranging from 2000 to 19 000 years depending on localities and sedimentation rates. Leading causes for the event are Siberian trap volcanism and the emission of greenhouse gases with consequent global warming. Measurements of gases vaulted in calcite of end Permian brachiopods and whole rock document significant differences in normal atmospheric equilibrium concentration in gases between modern and end Permian seawaters. The gas composition of the end Permian brachiopod-inclusions reflects dramatically higher seawater carbon dioxide and methane contents leading up to the biotic event. Initial global warming of 811 degrees C sourced by isotopically light carbon dioxide from volcanic emissions triggered the release of isotopically lighter methane from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrates. Consequently, the huge quantities of methane emitted into the atmosphere and the oceans accelerated global warming and marked the negative delta C-13 spike observed in marine carbonates, documenting the onset of the mass extinction period. The rapidity of the methane hydrate emission lasting from several years to thousands of years was tempered by the equally rapid oxidation of the atmospheric and oceanic methane that gradually reduced its warming potential but not before global warming had reached levels lethal to most life on land and in the oceans. Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of similar to 314% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 degrees C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic. The end Permian holds an important lesson for humanity regarding the issue it faces today with greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and climate change. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS. All rights reserved. |
format |
Report |
author |
Brand, Uwe Blarney, Nigel Garbelli, Claudio Griesshaber, Erika Posenato, Renato Angiolini, Lucia Azmy, Karem Farabegoli, Enzo Came, Rosemarie |
author_facet |
Brand, Uwe Blarney, Nigel Garbelli, Claudio Griesshaber, Erika Posenato, Renato Angiolini, Lucia Azmy, Karem Farabegoli, Enzo Came, Rosemarie |
author_sort |
Brand, Uwe |
title |
Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
title_short |
Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
title_full |
Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
title_fullStr |
Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction |
title_sort |
methane hydrate: killer cause of earth's greatest mass extinction |
publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/12652 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 |
genre |
Methane hydrate permafrost |
genre_facet |
Methane hydrate permafrost |
op_relation |
PALAEOWORLD Brand, U ,Blarney, N ,Garbelli, C ,et al. Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction[J]. Palaeoworld,2016,25(4):496-507. http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/12652 doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2016.06.002 |
container_title |
Palaeoworld |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
496 |
op_container_end_page |
507 |
_version_ |
1766068553372401664 |