A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean

The extreme Arctic sea ice minima in the twenty-first century have been attributed to multiple factors, such as anomalous atmospheric circulation, excess solar radiation absorbed by open ocean, and thinning sea ice in a warming world. Most likely it is the combination of these factors that drives th...

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Published in:Journal of Climate
Main Authors: LIANG, X. I., LI, X. I. C. H. E. N., BI, H. A. I. B. O., LOSCH, M. A. R. T. I. N., GAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I., ZHAO, F. U., TIAN, Z. H. O. N. G. X. I. A. N. G., LIU, C. H. E. N. G. Y. A. N.
Format: Report
Language:English
Published: AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC 2022
Subjects:
Arctic
Ice loss/growth
Anomalies
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
THICKNESS
PACIFIC
CLIMATE
AMPLIFICATION
CYCLONE
MODEL
VARIABILITY
SENSITIVITY
IMPACTS
Arctic Ocean
Pacific
Sea ice
Online Access:http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179364
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1
id ftchinacasciocas:oai:ir.qdio.ac.cn:337002/179364
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spelling ftchinacasciocas:oai:ir.qdio.ac.cn:337002/179364 2023-05-15T14:38:46+02:00 A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean LIANG, X. I. LI, X. I. C. H. E. N. BI, H. A. I. B. O. LOSCH, M. A. R. T. I. N. GAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I. ZHAO, F. U. TIAN, Z. H. O. N. G. X. I. A. N. G. LIU, C. H. E. N. G. Y. A. N. 2022-02-01 http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179364 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1 英语 eng AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC JOURNAL OF CLIMATE http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179364 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1 Arctic Ice loss/growth Anomalies Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION THICKNESS PACIFIC CLIMATE AMPLIFICATION CYCLONE MODEL VARIABILITY SENSITIVITY IMPACTS 期刊论文 2022 ftchinacasciocas https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1 2022-07-29T12:11:54Z The extreme Arctic sea ice minima in the twenty-first century have been attributed to multiple factors, such as anomalous atmospheric circulation, excess solar radiation absorbed by open ocean, and thinning sea ice in a warming world. Most likely it is the combination of these factors that drives the extreme sea ice minima, but how the factors rank in setting the conditions for these events has not been quantified. To address this question, the sea ice budget of an Arctic regional sea ice-ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis data is analyzed to assess the development of the observed sea ice minima. Results show that the ice area difference in the years 2012, 2019, and 2007 is driven to over 60% by the difference in summertime sea ice area loss due to air-ocean heat flux over open water. Other contributions are small. For the years 2012 and 2020 the situation is different and more complex. The air-ice heat flux causes more sea ice area loss in summer 2020 than in 2012 due to warmer air temperatures, but this difference in sea ice area loss is compensated by reduced advective sea ice loss out of the Arctic Ocean mainly caused by the relaxation of the Arctic dipole. The difference in open water area in early August leads to different air-ocean heat fluxes, which distinguishes the sea ice minima in 2012 and 2020. Further, sensitivity experiments indicate that both the atmospheric circulation associated with the Arctic dipole and extreme storms are essential conditions for a new low record of sea ice extent. Report Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: IOCAS-IR Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific Journal of Climate 35 4 1249 1265
institution Open Polar
collection Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: IOCAS-IR
op_collection_id ftchinacasciocas
language English
topic Arctic
Ice loss/growth
Anomalies
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
THICKNESS
PACIFIC
CLIMATE
AMPLIFICATION
CYCLONE
MODEL
VARIABILITY
SENSITIVITY
IMPACTS
spellingShingle Arctic
Ice loss/growth
Anomalies
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
THICKNESS
PACIFIC
CLIMATE
AMPLIFICATION
CYCLONE
MODEL
VARIABILITY
SENSITIVITY
IMPACTS
LIANG, X. I.
LI, X. I. C. H. E. N.
BI, H. A. I. B. O.
LOSCH, M. A. R. T. I. N.
GAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I.
ZHAO, F. U.
TIAN, Z. H. O. N. G. X. I. A. N. G.
LIU, C. H. E. N. G. Y. A. N.
A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
topic_facet Arctic
Ice loss/growth
Anomalies
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
THICKNESS
PACIFIC
CLIMATE
AMPLIFICATION
CYCLONE
MODEL
VARIABILITY
SENSITIVITY
IMPACTS
description The extreme Arctic sea ice minima in the twenty-first century have been attributed to multiple factors, such as anomalous atmospheric circulation, excess solar radiation absorbed by open ocean, and thinning sea ice in a warming world. Most likely it is the combination of these factors that drives the extreme sea ice minima, but how the factors rank in setting the conditions for these events has not been quantified. To address this question, the sea ice budget of an Arctic regional sea ice-ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis data is analyzed to assess the development of the observed sea ice minima. Results show that the ice area difference in the years 2012, 2019, and 2007 is driven to over 60% by the difference in summertime sea ice area loss due to air-ocean heat flux over open water. Other contributions are small. For the years 2012 and 2020 the situation is different and more complex. The air-ice heat flux causes more sea ice area loss in summer 2020 than in 2012 due to warmer air temperatures, but this difference in sea ice area loss is compensated by reduced advective sea ice loss out of the Arctic Ocean mainly caused by the relaxation of the Arctic dipole. The difference in open water area in early August leads to different air-ocean heat fluxes, which distinguishes the sea ice minima in 2012 and 2020. Further, sensitivity experiments indicate that both the atmospheric circulation associated with the Arctic dipole and extreme storms are essential conditions for a new low record of sea ice extent.
format Report
author LIANG, X. I.
LI, X. I. C. H. E. N.
BI, H. A. I. B. O.
LOSCH, M. A. R. T. I. N.
GAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I.
ZHAO, F. U.
TIAN, Z. H. O. N. G. X. I. A. N. G.
LIU, C. H. E. N. G. Y. A. N.
author_facet LIANG, X. I.
LI, X. I. C. H. E. N.
BI, H. A. I. B. O.
LOSCH, M. A. R. T. I. N.
GAO, Y. O. N. G. Q. I.
ZHAO, F. U.
TIAN, Z. H. O. N. G. X. I. A. N. G.
LIU, C. H. E. N. G. Y. A. N.
author_sort LIANG, X. I.
title A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
title_short A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
title_full A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
title_fullStr A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
title_full_unstemmed A Comparison of Factors That Led to the Extreme Sea Ice Minima in the Twenty-First Century in the Arctic Ocean
title_sort comparison of factors that led to the extreme sea ice minima in the twenty-first century in the arctic ocean
publisher AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
publishDate 2022
url http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179364
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1
geographic Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Pacific
geographic_facet Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Pacific
genre Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Sea ice
genre_facet Arctic
Arctic Ocean
Sea ice
op_relation JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/179364
doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0199.1
container_title Journal of Climate
container_volume 35
container_issue 4
container_start_page 1249
op_container_end_page 1265
_version_ 1766310792232173568

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