Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod
The molecular mechanisms underlying larval shell development in mollusks remain largely elusive. We previously found evident filamentous actin (F-actin) aggregations in the developing shell field of the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, indicating roles of actomyosin networks in the process. In the...
Published in: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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ftchinacasciocas:oai:ir.qdio.ac.cn:337002/178133 2023-05-15T17:54:21+02:00 Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod Liu, Xinyu Huan, Pin Liu, Baozhong 2022-02-03 http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/178133 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 英语 eng FRONTIERS MEDIA SA FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/178133 doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 Lottia goshimai shell actomyosin F-actin nonmuscle myosin II Cell Biology Developmental Biology ANTALIS-ENTALIS MOLLUSCA EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT GENE-EXPRESSION PACIFIC OYSTER BIOGENESIS VENERIDAE ORGANIZER BIVALVIA SYSTEM ACTIN 期刊论文 2022 ftchinacasciocas https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 2022-06-27T05:46:45Z The molecular mechanisms underlying larval shell development in mollusks remain largely elusive. We previously found evident filamentous actin (F-actin) aggregations in the developing shell field of the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, indicating roles of actomyosin networks in the process. In the present study, we functionally characterized nonmuscle myosin II (NM II), the key molecule in actomyosin networks, in the larval shell development of L. goshimai. Immunostaining revealed general colocalization of phosphorylated NM II and F-actin in the shell field. When inhibiting the phosphorylation of NM II using the specific inhibitor blebbistatin in one- or 2-h periods during shell field morphogenesis (6-8 h post-fertilization, hpf), the larval shell plate was completely lost in the veliger larva (24 hpf). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nascent larval shell plate could not be developed in the manipulated larvae (10 hpf). Further investigations revealed that key events in shell field morphogenesis were inhibited by blebbistatin pulses, including invagination of the shell field and cell shape changes and cell rearrangements during shell field morphogenesis. These factors caused the changed morphology of the shell field, despite the roughly retained "rosette" organization. To explore whether the specification of related cells was affected by blebbistatin treatments, we investigated the expression of four potential shell formation genes (bmp2/4, gata2/3, hox1 and engrailed). The four genes did not show evident changes in expression level, indicating unaffected cell specification in the shell field, while the gene expression patterns showed variations according to the altered morphology of the shell field. Together, our results reveal that NM II contributes to the morphogenesis of the shell field and is crucial for the formation of the larval shell plate in L. goshimai. These results add to the knowledge of the mechanisms of molluskan shell development. Report Pacific oyster Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: IOCAS-IR Pacific Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: IOCAS-IR |
op_collection_id |
ftchinacasciocas |
language |
English |
topic |
Lottia goshimai shell actomyosin F-actin nonmuscle myosin II Cell Biology Developmental Biology ANTALIS-ENTALIS MOLLUSCA EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT GENE-EXPRESSION PACIFIC OYSTER BIOGENESIS VENERIDAE ORGANIZER BIVALVIA SYSTEM ACTIN |
spellingShingle |
Lottia goshimai shell actomyosin F-actin nonmuscle myosin II Cell Biology Developmental Biology ANTALIS-ENTALIS MOLLUSCA EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT GENE-EXPRESSION PACIFIC OYSTER BIOGENESIS VENERIDAE ORGANIZER BIVALVIA SYSTEM ACTIN Liu, Xinyu Huan, Pin Liu, Baozhong Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
topic_facet |
Lottia goshimai shell actomyosin F-actin nonmuscle myosin II Cell Biology Developmental Biology ANTALIS-ENTALIS MOLLUSCA EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT GENE-EXPRESSION PACIFIC OYSTER BIOGENESIS VENERIDAE ORGANIZER BIVALVIA SYSTEM ACTIN |
description |
The molecular mechanisms underlying larval shell development in mollusks remain largely elusive. We previously found evident filamentous actin (F-actin) aggregations in the developing shell field of the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, indicating roles of actomyosin networks in the process. In the present study, we functionally characterized nonmuscle myosin II (NM II), the key molecule in actomyosin networks, in the larval shell development of L. goshimai. Immunostaining revealed general colocalization of phosphorylated NM II and F-actin in the shell field. When inhibiting the phosphorylation of NM II using the specific inhibitor blebbistatin in one- or 2-h periods during shell field morphogenesis (6-8 h post-fertilization, hpf), the larval shell plate was completely lost in the veliger larva (24 hpf). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nascent larval shell plate could not be developed in the manipulated larvae (10 hpf). Further investigations revealed that key events in shell field morphogenesis were inhibited by blebbistatin pulses, including invagination of the shell field and cell shape changes and cell rearrangements during shell field morphogenesis. These factors caused the changed morphology of the shell field, despite the roughly retained "rosette" organization. To explore whether the specification of related cells was affected by blebbistatin treatments, we investigated the expression of four potential shell formation genes (bmp2/4, gata2/3, hox1 and engrailed). The four genes did not show evident changes in expression level, indicating unaffected cell specification in the shell field, while the gene expression patterns showed variations according to the altered morphology of the shell field. Together, our results reveal that NM II contributes to the morphogenesis of the shell field and is crucial for the formation of the larval shell plate in L. goshimai. These results add to the knowledge of the mechanisms of molluskan shell development. |
format |
Report |
author |
Liu, Xinyu Huan, Pin Liu, Baozhong |
author_facet |
Liu, Xinyu Huan, Pin Liu, Baozhong |
author_sort |
Liu, Xinyu |
title |
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
title_short |
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
title_full |
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
title_fullStr |
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nonmuscle Myosin II is Required for Larval Shell Formation in a Patellogastropod |
title_sort |
nonmuscle myosin ii is required for larval shell formation in a patellogastropod |
publisher |
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/178133 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Pacific oyster |
op_relation |
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/178133 doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.813741 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1766162105376964608 |