Effects of a Sudden Drop in Salinity on Immune Response Mechanisms of Anadara kagoshimensis

• Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Main Authors: Zhang, Mo, Li, Li, Liu, Ying, Gao, Xiaolong
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI 2019
• Subjects: Anadara kagoshimensis; salinity; transcriptomics; cellular immunity; real-time quantitative PCR; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Multidisciplinary; HALIOTIS-DIVERSICOLOR-SUPERTEXTA; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; FRESH-WATER; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; STRESS-RESPONSE; AMINO-ACIDS; TEMPERATURE; VIRGINICA; ABALONE; The Ark; Crassostrea gigas
• Online Access: http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/163424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184365

In this experiment, the effects of a sudden drop of salinity on the immune response mechanisms of the ark shell Anadara kagoshimensis were examined by simulating the sudden drop of salinity that occurs in seawater after a rainstorm. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using transcriptome sequencing. When the salinity dropped from 30 parts per thousand (S30) to 14 parts per thousand (S14), the phagocytic activity of blood lymphocytes, the O-2(-) levels produced from respiratory burst, the content of reactive oxygen species, and the activities of lysozymes and acid phosphatases increased significantly, whereas the total count of blood lymphocytes did not increase. Total count of blood lymphocytes in 22 parts per thousand salinity (S22) was significantly higher than that in any other group. The raw data obtained from sequencing were processed with Trimmomatic (Version 0.36). The expression levels of unigenes were calculated using transcripts per million (TPM) based on the effects of sequencing depth, gene length, and sample on reads. Differential expression analysis was performed using DESeq (Version 1.12.4). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 269 (101 up-regulated, 168 down-regulated), 326 (246 up-regulated, 80 down-regulated), and 185 (132 up-regulated, 53 down-regulated) significant DEGs from comparison of the S14 vs. S22, S22 vs. S30, and S14 vs. S30 groups, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the DEGs in these salinity comparison groups revealed that the cellular amino acid metabolic process, the regulation of protein processing, the regulation of response to stress, and other terms were significantly enriched. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway (ko04621), apoptosis-multiple species (ko04215), Toll and Imd signaling pathway (ko04624), NF-kappa B signaling pathway (ko04064), apoptosis (ko04210), and focal adhesion (ko04510) were significantly ...