Satellite-observed trends in the Arctic sea ice concentration for the period 1979-2016

• Published in: Journal of Oceanology and Limnology
• Main Authors: Wang Yunhe, Bi Haibo, Huang Haijun, Liu Yanxia, Liu Yilin, Liang Xi, Fu Min, Zhang Zehua
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: SCIENCE PRESS 2019
• Subjects: sea ice concentration (SIC); Arctic Ocean; surface air temperature (SAT); sea surface temperature (SST); surface wind (SW); interannual and decadal oscillation; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Limnology; Arctic; Barents Sea; Chukchi Sea; East Siberian Sea; Greenland; Laptev Sea; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi; laptev; North Atlantic; North Atlantic oscillation; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/155503; http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/155504; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-7284-0

Arctic sea ice cover has decreased dramatically over the last three decades. This study quantifies the sea ice concentration (SIC) trends in the Arctic Ocean over the period of 1979-2016 and analyzes their spatial and temporal variations. During each month the SIC trends are negative over the Arctic Ocean, wherein the largest (smallest) rate of decline found in September (March) is -0.48%/a (-0.10%/a). The summer (-0.42%/a) and autumn (-0.31%/a) seasons show faster decrease rates than those of winter (-0.12%/a) and spring (-0.20%/a) seasons. Regional variability is large in the annual SIC trend. The largest SIC trends are observed for the Kara (-0.60%/a) and Barents Seas (-0.54%/a), followed by the Chukchi Sea (-0.48%/a), East Siberian Sea (-0.43%/a), Laptev Sea (-0.38%/a), and Beaufort Sea (-0.36%/a). The annual SIC trend for the whole Arctic Ocean is -0.26%/a over the same period. Furthermore, the influences and feedbacks between the SIC and three climate indexes and three climatic parameters, including the Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Dipole anomaly (DA), sea surface temperature (SST), surface air temperature (SAT), and surface wind (SW), are investigated. Statistically, sea ice provides memory for the Arctic climate system so that changes in SIC driven by the climate indices (AO, NAO and DA) can be felt during the ensuing seasons. Positive SST trends can cause greater SIC reductions, which is observed in the Greenland and Barents Seas during the autumn and winter. In contrast, the removal of sea ice (i.e., loss of the insulating layer) likely contributes to a colder sea surface (i.e., decreed SST), as is observed in northern Barents Sea. Decreasing SIC trends can lead to an in-phase enhancement of SAT, while SAT variations seem to have a lagged influence on SIC trends. SW plays an important role in the modulating SIC trends in two ways: by transporting moist and warm air that melts sea ice in peripheral seas (typically evident inthe Barents Sea) and by exporting sea ice out of ...