Mitochondrial genomes and 28S rDNA contradict the proposed obsoletion of the order Tetraonchidea (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

• Published in: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
• Main Authors: Zhang, Dong, Li, Wen X., Zou, Hong, Wu, Shan G., Li, Ming, Jakovlic, Ivan, Zhang, Jin, Chen, Rong, Wang, Gui T.
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: ELSEVIER 2020
• Subjects: Tetraonchidae; Gene rearrangement; Monogenea taxonomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science; Applied; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; GYRODACTYLUS-SALARIS; MONOPISTHOCOTYLEAN MONOGENEANS; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; ATLANTIC SALMON; MODEL SELECTION; DNA VARIATION; EVOLUTION; DACTYLOGYRIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; Atlantic salmon
• Online Access: http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/35045; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.150

Due to the incongruence of morphology-based hypotheses and scarcity of molecular data, validity of the order Tetraonchidea remains contentious. The only complete mitogenome currently available for the entire order is that of Paratetraonchoides inermis (Tetraonchoididae). To study the phylogeny of Tetraonchidea from mitogenomic perspective, we sequenced the first mitogenome for the family Tetraonchidae: Tetraonchus monenteron (Tetraonchidea). To get a nuclear-data perspective, we also sequenced nuclear 28S rDNA gene of both species. The mitogenome of T. monenteron does not have high A + T content, nor tRNA pseudo-genes, both of which were unique features reported in P. inermis. However, T. monenteron exhibits a unique gene order, with a large number of tRNA rearrangements in comparison to P. inermis and other monogeneans. Phylogenetic analyses conducted using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, complemented with partitioning, consistently support the sister-group relationship of T. monenteron (Tetraonchidae) and P. inermis (Tetraonchoididae). This is also partially supported by the 28S rDNA data and two morphologic apomorphies. This close relationship of Tetraonchidae and Tetraonchoididae challenges the latest major morphology-based classification, which proposed obsoletion of the Tetraonchidea order, and grouped Tetraonchoididae into the Gyrodactylidea Glade. The validity of this order shall have to be further confirmed with more data. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.