森林ネネツ(ロシア・西シベリア)のトナカイ牧畜 - 先行研究概説 -

• Main Authors: 吉田, 睦, YOSHIDA, Atsushi
• Format: Report
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 千葉大学ユーラシア言語文化論講座 2009
• Subjects: 西シベリア; 森林ネネツ; トナカイ牧畜; ツンドラ; タイガ; NDC:389; Enets; khanty; khanty-mansi; nenets; Selkup; taiga; Tundra; Mansi; Siberia
• Online Access: https://opac.ll.chiba-u.jp/da/curator/900080875/; https://opac.ll.chiba-u.jp/da/curator/900080875/2009no.11_1_20.pdf

The Nenets, one of the indigenous peoples of the North in Russian Federation, can be divided into two dialect groupsーthe Tundra Nenets and the Forest Nenets. The latter is minority even among the Nenets (42,000 peoples) and numbers just about 2,000 peoples, living scattered in the Forest Tundra -Taiga vegetation zones of the southern part of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and the northern part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District in West Siberia. The Forest Nenets, as the most of nomadic Tundra Nenets, is also famous as reindeer people, but their dependence on reindeer herding itself as the subsistence activity is lower than that of the Tundra Nenets. Beside reindeer herding they are engaged in fishing, gathering and so on. In this article the author introduces the contents of the main academic works which refers to reindeer herding and published in Russia from 1920's to nowadays. Each article or book about reindeer herding mainly concerns with the typology of herding - summer herding pattern, usage of the mosquito-fumigation, existence of reindeer house, small or large number of the herd, the borrowing relationship in the technique of herding with the neighboring people groups - Tundra Nenets, Khanty, Selkup, Enets, Tungus and other elements of the reindeer herding and husbandry, typical for the Forest Nenets. Their reindeer herding, and the Forest Nenets themselves, are on the verge of the catastrophe, faced with oil-natural gas exploring activities from 1970's and pollution problems as a result of such activities, and the socio-economic changes.