Three-dimensional ionospheric electron density structure of the Weddell Sea Anomaly

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• Main Authors: Lin, Chien-Hung, Liu, Jann-Yenq, Cheng, Chio-Zong, Chen, Chia-Hung, Liu, Chao-Han, Wang, W., Burns, A. G., Lei, J.
• Other Authors: Plasma and Space Science Center
• Language: English
• Published: American Geophysical Union �(AGU) 2009
• Subjects: Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; The Antarctic; Weddell; Weddell Sea; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013455; http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/98235

This paper provides the first three-dimensional description of the ionospheric density structure of the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA). The WSA is characterized by a nighttime ionospheric density greater than that in daytime in the Weddell Sea region around the Antarctic Peninsula during the southern hemisphere summer. It was first observed by ground-based ionosondes located in the Antarctica back in the 1950s and was further investigated by two-dimensional maps over the oceans using TEC measurements collected by the TOPEX/Poseidon recently. Although these TEC maps have provided two-dimensional views for tracking the time-evolution and spatial coverage of the WSA, the vertical distribution of this peculiar feature is still unavailable. With the vertical ionospheric density profiles observed by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, three-dimensional density structure of the WSA is presented here for the first time. Meanwhile, a similar WSA signature is observed in the northern and eastern hemisphere during June solstice by both the GPS-TEC and the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC electron density observations. From the observed altitudinal structure of the WSA during 1800-2400 LT and the similar feature occurred in the opposite hemisphere suggest that the southward offset of the magnetic equator with respect to the geographic equator plays a major role for the WSA formation.