The impact of temperature on the metabolome and endocrine metabolic signals in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

• Published in: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
• Main Authors: Kullgren, Andreas, Jutfelt, Fredrik, Fontanillas, Ramon, Sundell, Kristina, Samuelsson, Linda, Wiklander, Kerstin, Kling, Peter, Koppe, Wolfgang, Larsson, D. G. Joakim, Björnsson, Björn Thrandur, Jönsson, Elisabeth
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Biological Sciences; Zoology; Fish condition factor endocrinology growth NMR metabolomics metabolism temperature; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.10.005; https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/171396

The aim was to elucidate the effects of elevated temperature on growth performance, growth- andappetite-regulating hormones and metabolism in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Post-smolts in seawater (averagemass 175 g) that had been reared at 12 °C were kept at three temperatures (8, 12 and 18 °C) and sampledafter one and three months. After three months, the fish kept in 18 °C had decreased growth rate andcondition factor, and elevated plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and leptin, compared with fish keptat the lower temperatures. Food conversion efficiency was also decreased at 18 °C, while at the same timeprotein uptake was improved and thus was not a limiting mechanism for growth. Redistribution of energystores in fish at the highest temperature is evident as a preference of maintaining length growth duringtimes of limited energy availability. NMR-based metabolomics analyses of plasma revealed that several metabolitesinvolved in energy metabolism were negatively affected by temperature in the upper temperaturerange of Atlantic salmon. Specifically, the high temperature induced a decline of several amino acids (glutamine,tyrosine and phenylalanine) and a shift in lipid metabolism. It appears likely that the decreased foodintake at the highest temperature is linked to an anorexigenic function of leptin, but also that the decreasedfood intake, feed conversion efficiency and condition factor can be linked to changes in GH endocrinology.