High-resolution SIMS oxygen isotope analysis on conodont apatite from South China and implications for the end-Permian mass extinction

• Published in: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
• Main Authors: Chen, Jun, Shen, Shu-zhong, Li, Xian-hua, Xu, Yi-gang, Joachimski, Michael M., Bowring, Samuel A., Erwin, Douglas H., Yuan, Dong-xun, Chen, Bo, Zhang, Hua, Wang, Yue, Cao, Chang-qun, Zheng, Quan-feng, Mu, Lin
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 2016
• Subjects: Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology; SIMS; Oxygen isotope; Conodont apatite; South China; Climate warming; End-Permian mass extinction; Geography; Physical; Geosciences; Multidisciplinary; LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES; PALEOZOIC ICE-AGE; TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; BIOGENIC APATITES; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CHANGHSINGIAN STAGE; STRATOTYPE SECTION; SIBERIAN TRAPS; CARBON-CYCLE; POINT GSSP; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: http://ir.gig.ac.cn/handle/344008/55188; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.11.025

Understanding the interplay of climatic and biological events in deep time requires resolving the precise timing and pattern of paleotemperature changes and their temporal relationship with carbon cycle variations and biodiversity fluctuations. In situ oxygen isotope analyses of conodont apatite from South China enables us to reconstruct high-resolution seawater temperature records across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) intervals in the upper slope (Meishan), lower slope (Shangsi), and carbonate platform (Daijiagou and Liangfengya) settings. Constrained by the latest high-precision geochronological dates and high-resolution conodont biozones, we can establish the temporal and spatial patterns of seawater temperature changes and assess their potential connections with the carbon cycle disruption and biodiversity decline. We find a rapid warming of similar to 10 degrees C during the latest Permian-earliest Triassic that postdated the onset of the negative shift in delta C-13(carb) by similar to 81 kyr (thousand years), the abrupt decline in delta C-13(carb) by similar to 32 kyr and the onset of mass extinction by similar to 23 kyr, which contradicts previous claims that the extreme temperature rise started immediately before or coincided with the onset of mass extinction. Our new evidence indicates that climate warming was most likely not a direct cause for the main pulse of the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME), but rather a later participant or a catalyst that increased the pace of the biodiversity decline. In addition, a prominent cooling is recorded in the earliest Changhsingian, with the main phase (a drop of similar to 8 degrees C in similar to 0.2 Ma) confined to the lower part of the Clarkina wangi zone and synchronous with the positive limb of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) around the Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary (WCB) in Meishan and Shangsi. Further long-term and high-resolution studies from other sections are needed to confirm the full contexts and underlying dynamics of the WCB "cooling event". (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.