Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records
The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both...
Published in: | Nature Geoscience |
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ftcemoa:oai:irsteadoc.irstea.fr:PUB00057173 2023-05-15T16:39:18+02:00 Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records Guillet, S. Corona, C. Stoffel, M. Khodri, M. Lavigne, F. Ortega, P. Eckert, N. Sielenou, P.D. Daux, V. Churakova, O.V. Davi, N. Edouard, J.L. Zhang, Y. Luckman, B.H. Myglan, V.S. Guiot, J. Beniston, M. Masson-Delmotte, V. Oppenheimer, C. UNIVERSITY OF BERN CHE CNRS UMR 6042 GEOLAB CLERMONT FERRAND FRA UNIVERSITE DE PARIS VI UMR 7159 LOCEAN PARIS FRA UNIVERSITE DE PARIS I UMR 8591 LGP FRA UNIVERSITY OF READING GBR IRSTEA GRENOBLE UR ETGR FRA CEA UMR 8212 LSCE GIF SUR YVETTE FRA WILLIAM PATERSON UNIVERSITY USA CNRS UMR 7299 CCJ AIX EN PROVENCE FRA CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BEIJING CHN UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO LONDON CAN SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY KRASNOYARSK RUS CNRS UMR 7330 CEREGE AIX EN PROVENCE FRA UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA CHE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR INDONESIE 2017 application/pdf https://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00057173 Anglais eng http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2875 https://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00057173 Date de dépôt: 2018-03-01 - Tous les documents et informations contenus dans la base CemOA Publications sont protégés en vertu du droit de propriété intellectuelle, en particulier par le droit d'auteur. La personne consultant la base CemOA Publications peut visualiser, reproduire, ou stocker des copies des publications, à condition que l'information soit seulement pour son usage personnel et non commercial. L'utilisation des travaux universitaires est soumise à autorisation préalable de leurs auteurs. Toute information relative au signalement d'une publication contenue dans CemOA Publications doit inclure la citation bibliographique usuelle : Nom du ou des auteurs, titre et source du document, date et URL de la notice (dc_identifier). 50511 CLIMAT CERNE DENDROMETRIE climate growth rings forest mensuration Article de revue scientifique à comité de lecture 2017 ftcemoa https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2875 2021-06-29T12:08:01Z The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km(3) of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core Alaska Siberia Irstea Publications et Bases documentaires (Irstea@doc/CemOA) Canada Nature Geoscience 10 2 123 128 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Irstea Publications et Bases documentaires (Irstea@doc/CemOA) |
op_collection_id |
ftcemoa |
language |
English |
topic |
CLIMAT CERNE DENDROMETRIE climate growth rings forest mensuration |
spellingShingle |
CLIMAT CERNE DENDROMETRIE climate growth rings forest mensuration Guillet, S. Corona, C. Stoffel, M. Khodri, M. Lavigne, F. Ortega, P. Eckert, N. Sielenou, P.D. Daux, V. Churakova, O.V. Davi, N. Edouard, J.L. Zhang, Y. Luckman, B.H. Myglan, V.S. Guiot, J. Beniston, M. Masson-Delmotte, V. Oppenheimer, C. Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
topic_facet |
CLIMAT CERNE DENDROMETRIE climate growth rings forest mensuration |
description |
The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km(3) of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. |
author2 |
UNIVERSITY OF BERN CHE CNRS UMR 6042 GEOLAB CLERMONT FERRAND FRA UNIVERSITE DE PARIS VI UMR 7159 LOCEAN PARIS FRA UNIVERSITE DE PARIS I UMR 8591 LGP FRA UNIVERSITY OF READING GBR IRSTEA GRENOBLE UR ETGR FRA CEA UMR 8212 LSCE GIF SUR YVETTE FRA WILLIAM PATERSON UNIVERSITY USA CNRS UMR 7299 CCJ AIX EN PROVENCE FRA CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BEIJING CHN UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO LONDON CAN SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY KRASNOYARSK RUS CNRS UMR 7330 CEREGE AIX EN PROVENCE FRA UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA CHE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Guillet, S. Corona, C. Stoffel, M. Khodri, M. Lavigne, F. Ortega, P. Eckert, N. Sielenou, P.D. Daux, V. Churakova, O.V. Davi, N. Edouard, J.L. Zhang, Y. Luckman, B.H. Myglan, V.S. Guiot, J. Beniston, M. Masson-Delmotte, V. Oppenheimer, C. |
author_facet |
Guillet, S. Corona, C. Stoffel, M. Khodri, M. Lavigne, F. Ortega, P. Eckert, N. Sielenou, P.D. Daux, V. Churakova, O.V. Davi, N. Edouard, J.L. Zhang, Y. Luckman, B.H. Myglan, V.S. Guiot, J. Beniston, M. Masson-Delmotte, V. Oppenheimer, C. |
author_sort |
Guillet, S. |
title |
Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
title_short |
Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
title_full |
Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
title_fullStr |
Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
title_sort |
climate response to the samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00057173 |
op_coverage |
INDONESIE |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
ice core Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
ice core Alaska Siberia |
op_source |
50511 |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2875 https://irsteadoc.irstea.fr/cemoa/PUB00057173 |
op_rights |
Date de dépôt: 2018-03-01 - Tous les documents et informations contenus dans la base CemOA Publications sont protégés en vertu du droit de propriété intellectuelle, en particulier par le droit d'auteur. La personne consultant la base CemOA Publications peut visualiser, reproduire, ou stocker des copies des publications, à condition que l'information soit seulement pour son usage personnel et non commercial. L'utilisation des travaux universitaires est soumise à autorisation préalable de leurs auteurs. Toute information relative au signalement d'une publication contenue dans CemOA Publications doit inclure la citation bibliographique usuelle : Nom du ou des auteurs, titre et source du document, date et URL de la notice (dc_identifier). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2875 |
container_title |
Nature Geoscience |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
123 |
op_container_end_page |
128 |
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1766029627028930560 |