Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals
International audience Bernard Brunhes (1906) was the first to measure magnetization directions in rocks that were approximately antiparallel to the present Earth’s field. Brunhes (1906) recorded magnetizations in baked sedimentary rocks that were aligned with reverse magnetization directions in ove...
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ftceafr:oai:HAL:hal-02885356v1 2024-06-09T07:47:09+00:00 Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals Laj, Carlo Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) 2020-12-28 https://hal.science/hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356/document https://hal.science/hal-02885356/file/laj2019.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 en eng HAL CCSD info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356/document https://hal.science/hal-02885356/file/laj2019.pdf doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics https://hal.science/hal-02885356 Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, pp.1-8, 2020, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1⟩ [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart Book sections 2020 ftceafr https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 2024-05-16T14:55:00Z International audience Bernard Brunhes (1906) was the first to measure magnetization directions in rocks that were approximately antiparallel to the present Earth’s field. Brunhes (1906) recorded magnetizations in baked sedimentary rocks that were aligned with reverse magnetization directions in overlying Miocene lavas from central France (Puy de Dome). In so doing, Brunhes (1906) made first use of a field test for primary thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) that is now referred to as the “baked contact” test. Matuyama (1929) was the first to attribute reverse magnetizations in (volcanic) rocks from Japan and China to reversal of geomagnetic polarity, and to differentiate mainly Pleistocene lavas from mainly Pliocene lavas based on the polarity of the magnetization. In this respect, Matuyama (1929) was the first person to use the sequence of geomagnetic reversals as a means of ordering rock sequences. The reality of geomagnetic reversals was then progressively established with the studies of Hospers (1951, 1953) in Iceland, and Roche (1950, 1951, 1956) in the Massif Central of France. The work of Hospers on Icelandic lavas was augmented by Rutten and Wensink (1960) and Wensink (1966) who subdivided Pliocene-Pleistocene lavas in Iceland into three polarity zones from young to old: N-R-N. Magnetic remanence measurements on basaltic lavas combined with K/Ar dating, pioneered by Cox et al. (1963) and McDougall and Tarling (1963a, b, 1964), resulted in the beginning of development of the modern geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS). These studies, and those that followed in the mid-1960s, established that rocks of the same age carry the same magnetization polarity, at least for the last few million years. The basalt sampling sites were scattered over the globe. Polarity zones were linked by their K/Ar ages, and were usually not in stratigraphic superposition. Doell and Dalrymple (1966) designated the long intervals of geomagnetic polarity of the last 5 Myrs as magnetic epochs, and named them after pioneers of ... Book Part Iceland HAL-CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) 1 8 |
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Open Polar |
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HAL-CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives) |
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English |
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment Laj, Carlo Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment |
description |
International audience Bernard Brunhes (1906) was the first to measure magnetization directions in rocks that were approximately antiparallel to the present Earth’s field. Brunhes (1906) recorded magnetizations in baked sedimentary rocks that were aligned with reverse magnetization directions in overlying Miocene lavas from central France (Puy de Dome). In so doing, Brunhes (1906) made first use of a field test for primary thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) that is now referred to as the “baked contact” test. Matuyama (1929) was the first to attribute reverse magnetizations in (volcanic) rocks from Japan and China to reversal of geomagnetic polarity, and to differentiate mainly Pleistocene lavas from mainly Pliocene lavas based on the polarity of the magnetization. In this respect, Matuyama (1929) was the first person to use the sequence of geomagnetic reversals as a means of ordering rock sequences. The reality of geomagnetic reversals was then progressively established with the studies of Hospers (1951, 1953) in Iceland, and Roche (1950, 1951, 1956) in the Massif Central of France. The work of Hospers on Icelandic lavas was augmented by Rutten and Wensink (1960) and Wensink (1966) who subdivided Pliocene-Pleistocene lavas in Iceland into three polarity zones from young to old: N-R-N. Magnetic remanence measurements on basaltic lavas combined with K/Ar dating, pioneered by Cox et al. (1963) and McDougall and Tarling (1963a, b, 1964), resulted in the beginning of development of the modern geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS). These studies, and those that followed in the mid-1960s, established that rocks of the same age carry the same magnetization polarity, at least for the last few million years. The basalt sampling sites were scattered over the globe. Polarity zones were linked by their K/Ar ages, and were usually not in stratigraphic superposition. Doell and Dalrymple (1966) designated the long intervals of geomagnetic polarity of the last 5 Myrs as magnetic epochs, and named them after pioneers of ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Laj, Carlo |
author_facet |
Laj, Carlo |
author_sort |
Laj, Carlo |
title |
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
title_short |
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
title_full |
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
title_fullStr |
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geomagnetic Field, Polarity Reversals |
title_sort |
geomagnetic field, polarity reversals |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356/document https://hal.science/hal-02885356/file/laj2019.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics https://hal.science/hal-02885356 Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, pp.1-8, 2020, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356 https://hal.science/hal-02885356/document https://hal.science/hal-02885356/file/laj2019.pdf doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_116-1 |
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