End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific
The inherent conflict between the economic value of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to fisheries and their importance to ecological systems has influenced the development of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), a new management paradigm that addresses the effects of fisheries on non-targe...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
eScholarship, University of California
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m545085w |
id |
ftcdlib:qt9q1858c0 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcdlib:qt9q1858c0 2023-05-15T18:42:18+02:00 End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific Wheat, Rachel E. 165 2016-01-01 application/pdf http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m545085w en eng eScholarship, University of California http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 qt9q1858c0 http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m545085w public Wheat, Rachel E.(2016). End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific. UC Santa Cruz: Environmental Studies. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 Ecology Wildlife management Wildlife conservation anadromous systems ecosystem-based fisheries management Haliaeetus luecocephalus Pacific salmon subsistence fisheries Ursus arctos dissertation 2016 ftcdlib 2016-07-22T22:55:19Z The inherent conflict between the economic value of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to fisheries and their importance to ecological systems has influenced the development of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), a new management paradigm that addresses the effects of fisheries on non-target species. However, poor understanding of the impacts of human competition with wildlife consumers of fish has hampered implementation of EBFM. While myriad processes may or may not be included in EBFM, no management endeavors will be achievable without a broader scientific knowledge base regarding cross-boundary salmon ecosystem impacts. This dissertation extends the concept of EBFM in Pacific salmon ecosystems to include consideration of ecosystem components in terrestrial habitats. First, I evaluate the extent of regulatory noncompliance with harvest regulations among subsistence fishers. I find that overharvest is correlated with fishers with low incomes and those providing for large households, as well as Alaska Natives adhering to traditional cultural practices. Second, I examine human disturbance and accessibility of salmon to wildlife by exploring how both habituation to and fear of human activity drive the foraging ecology of brown bears. During a study at a heavily used recreational and ecotourism site, non-habituated bears were active almost exclusively at night in human-dominated areas, likely leading to suboptimal foraging. Additionally, I test a novel method for microsatellite genotyping via collection of residual bear saliva on partially consumed salmon carcasses, finding it to be an efficient and effective method for monitoring brown bear populations. Finally, I assess the influence of the heterogeneity of anadromous fish systems on the behavior of bald eagles. Using data from 28 individual eagles tracked with GPS transmitters between May 2010 and January 2016, I find evidence of four distinct movement strategies among eagles in the north Pacific. The highly variable anadromous fish system of the north Pacific coast likely contributes to behavioral plasticity in bald eagles in this region and results in a range of movement strategies in the population. Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Ursus arctos Alaska University of California: eScholarship Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology Wildlife management Wildlife conservation anadromous systems ecosystem-based fisheries management Haliaeetus luecocephalus Pacific salmon subsistence fisheries Ursus arctos |
spellingShingle |
Ecology Wildlife management Wildlife conservation anadromous systems ecosystem-based fisheries management Haliaeetus luecocephalus Pacific salmon subsistence fisheries Ursus arctos Wheat, Rachel E. End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
topic_facet |
Ecology Wildlife management Wildlife conservation anadromous systems ecosystem-based fisheries management Haliaeetus luecocephalus Pacific salmon subsistence fisheries Ursus arctos |
description |
The inherent conflict between the economic value of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to fisheries and their importance to ecological systems has influenced the development of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), a new management paradigm that addresses the effects of fisheries on non-target species. However, poor understanding of the impacts of human competition with wildlife consumers of fish has hampered implementation of EBFM. While myriad processes may or may not be included in EBFM, no management endeavors will be achievable without a broader scientific knowledge base regarding cross-boundary salmon ecosystem impacts. This dissertation extends the concept of EBFM in Pacific salmon ecosystems to include consideration of ecosystem components in terrestrial habitats. First, I evaluate the extent of regulatory noncompliance with harvest regulations among subsistence fishers. I find that overharvest is correlated with fishers with low incomes and those providing for large households, as well as Alaska Natives adhering to traditional cultural practices. Second, I examine human disturbance and accessibility of salmon to wildlife by exploring how both habituation to and fear of human activity drive the foraging ecology of brown bears. During a study at a heavily used recreational and ecotourism site, non-habituated bears were active almost exclusively at night in human-dominated areas, likely leading to suboptimal foraging. Additionally, I test a novel method for microsatellite genotyping via collection of residual bear saliva on partially consumed salmon carcasses, finding it to be an efficient and effective method for monitoring brown bear populations. Finally, I assess the influence of the heterogeneity of anadromous fish systems on the behavior of bald eagles. Using data from 28 individual eagles tracked with GPS transmitters between May 2010 and January 2016, I find evidence of four distinct movement strategies among eagles in the north Pacific. The highly variable anadromous fish system of the north Pacific coast likely contributes to behavioral plasticity in bald eagles in this region and results in a range of movement strategies in the population. |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Wheat, Rachel E. |
author_facet |
Wheat, Rachel E. |
author_sort |
Wheat, Rachel E. |
title |
End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
title_short |
End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
title_full |
End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
title_fullStr |
End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
title_full_unstemmed |
End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific |
title_sort |
end of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north pacific |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m545085w |
op_coverage |
165 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Ursus arctos Alaska |
genre_facet |
Ursus arctos Alaska |
op_source |
Wheat, Rachel E.(2016). End of the line: using behavior and movement to inform conservation and management of terrestrial salmon consumers in the north Pacific. UC Santa Cruz: Environmental Studies. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 |
op_relation |
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9q1858c0 qt9q1858c0 http://n2t.net/ark:/13030/m545085w |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1766231944373207040 |