Using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and the Hyperspace Analog to Language (HAL) Model to Identify Patterns of Syntax and Structure in the Songs of Humpback Whales

• Main Authors: Kaufman, Allison B., Green, Sean R., Seitz, Aaron R., Burgess, Curt
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2012
• Subjects: International Journal of Comparative Psychology; Behavior; Behaviour; Communication; Vocalization; Comparative Psychology; Cognition; Cognitive Processes; Intelligence; Humpack Whale,Self-Organizing Map; Language; Humpback Whale
• Online Access: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0vc7j5g2

Two different fully automated models were used to examine syntax and structure in humpback whalesong. Songs were initially classified via a Self-Organizing Map (SOM), and then examined, via the Hyperspace Analog to Language (HAL) model, for evidence of a type of higher level organization -global co-occurrence - found in human language. HAL was able to identify particular “classes” ofsong units which were used interchangeably to form patterns in the song, not unlike the use of noun verb-direct object in human language, where the noun, verb, or direct object can be any one of many possibilities from that particular class. Further, HAL identified specific patterns unique to the songsand their respective geographical areas. These patterns provide support for the idea that humpback whale songs are unique to specific region and may be transmitted culturally.