TAROGE-M: radio antenna array on antarctic high mountain for detecting near-horizontal ultra-high energy air showers

• Main Authors: Wang, Shih-Hao, Nam, Jiwoo, Chen, Pisin, Chen, Yaocheng, Choi, Taejin, Ham, Young-bae, Hsu, Shih-Ying, Huang, Jian-Jung, Huang, Ming-Huey A, Jee, Geonhwa, Jung, Jongil, Kim, Jieun, Kuo, Chung-Yun, Kwon, Hyuck-Jin, Lee, Changsup, Leung, Chung-Hei, Liu, Tsung-Che, Shiao, Yu-Shao J, Shin, Bok-Kyun, Wang, Min-Zu, Wang, Yu-Hsin, Anker, Astrid, Barwick, Steven W, Besson, Dave Z, Bouma, Sjoerd, Cataldo, Maddalena, Gaswint, Geoffrey, Glaser, Christian, Hallmann, Steffen, Hanson, Jordan C, Henrichs, Jakob, Kleinfelder, Stuart A, Lahmann, Robert, Meyers, Zachary S, Nelles, Anna, Novikov, Alexander, Paul, Manuel P, Pyras, Lilly, Persichilli, Christopher, Plaisier, Ilse, Rice-Smith, Ryan, Seikh, Mohammad FH, Tatar, Joulien, Welling, Christoph, Zhao, Leshan, collaborations, TAROGE and ARIANNA
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2022
• Subjects: Affordable and Clean Energy; Astronomical and Space Sciences; Atomic; Molecular; Nuclear; Particle and Plasma Physics; Nuclear & Particles Physics; Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tk036n4

The TAROGE-M observatory is an autonomous antenna array on the top of Mt. Melbourne (∼2700 m altitude) in Antarctica, designed to detect radio pulses from ultra-high energy (over 1017 eV) air showers coming from near-horizon directions. The targeted sources include cosmic rays, Earth-skimming tau neutrinos, and most of all, the anomalous near-horizon upward-going events of yet unknown origin discovered by ANITA experiments. The detection concept follows that of ANITA: monitoring large area of ice from high-altitude and taking advantage of strong geomagnetic field and quiet radio background in Antarctica, whereas having significantly greater livetime and scalability. The TAROGE-M station, upgraded from its prototype built in 2019, was deployed in January 2020, and consists of 6 log-periodic dipole antennas pointing horizontally with bandwidth of 180-450 MHz. The station is then calibrated with drone-borne transmitter, with which the event reconstruction obtained ∼0.3° angular resolution. The station was then smoothly operating in the following month, with the live time of ∼ 30 days, before interrupted by a power problem, and its online filtering has identified several candidate cosmic-ray events and sent out via satellite communication. In this paper, the instrumentation of the station for polar and high-altitude environment, its radio-locating performance, the preliminary result on cosmic-ray detection, and the future extension plan are presented.