Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments.
Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations,...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9sr986r3 2023-10-25T01:35:29+02:00 Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed Alquraishi, Saleh Al-Rasheid, Khaled Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly Rubin, Edward McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic Nielsen, Rasmus 2015-12-15 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sr986r3 unknown eScholarship, University of California qt9sr986r3 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sr986r3 public Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, vol 112, iss 50 adaptation ancient genomics horse population discontinuity regulatory changes Physiological Animals Arctic Regions Cold Temperature Evolution Molecular Genome Horses Siberia article 2015 ftcdlib 2023-09-25T18:05:00Z Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalskis horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sakha Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakut Yakutia Siberia University of California: eScholarship Arctic Sakha |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
adaptation ancient genomics horse population discontinuity regulatory changes Physiological Animals Arctic Regions Cold Temperature Evolution Molecular Genome Horses Siberia |
spellingShingle |
adaptation ancient genomics horse population discontinuity regulatory changes Physiological Animals Arctic Regions Cold Temperature Evolution Molecular Genome Horses Siberia Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed Alquraishi, Saleh Al-Rasheid, Khaled Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly Rubin, Edward McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic Nielsen, Rasmus Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
topic_facet |
adaptation ancient genomics horse population discontinuity regulatory changes Physiological Animals Arctic Regions Cold Temperature Evolution Molecular Genome Horses Siberia |
description |
Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalskis horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed Alquraishi, Saleh Al-Rasheid, Khaled Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly Rubin, Edward McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic Nielsen, Rasmus |
author_facet |
Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed Alquraishi, Saleh Al-Rasheid, Khaled Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly Rubin, Edward McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic Nielsen, Rasmus |
author_sort |
Librado, Pablo |
title |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
title_short |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
title_full |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
title_fullStr |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
title_sort |
tracking the origins of yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sr986r3 |
geographic |
Arctic Sakha |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sakha |
genre |
Arctic Sakha Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakut Yakutia Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sakha Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakut Yakutia Siberia |
op_source |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, vol 112, iss 50 |
op_relation |
qt9sr986r3 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sr986r3 |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1780730577288167424 |