Science Case and Detector Concept for the ARIANNA High Energy Neutrino Telescope at Moore’s Bay, Antarctica

• Main Authors: Barwick, SW, Anker, A, Baldi, P, Beise, J, Bernhoff, H, Besson, DZ, Bingefors, N, Cataldo, M, Chen, P, Fernández, DG, Gaswint, G, Glaser, C, Hallgren, A, Hallmann, S, Hanson, JC, Klein, SR, Kleinfelder, SA, Lahmann, R, Liu, J, Magnuson, M, McAleer, S, Meyers, Z, Nam, J, Nelles, A, Novikov, A, Paul, MP, Persichilli, C, Plaisier, I, Pyras, L, Rice-Smith, R, Tatar, J, Wang, SH, Welling, C, Zhao, L
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2022
• Subjects: Antarctic; Ross Ice Shelf; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf
• Online Access: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nb6c4sg

The ARIANNA neutrino detector, located at sea-level on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, consists of 200 autonomous and independent detector stations separated by 1 kilometer in a uniform triangular mesh, and serves to inform the planning of the future projects. The primary science mission of ARIANNA is to search for sources of neutrinos with energies greater than 1017 eV, complementing the reach of IceCube and other neutrino telescopes that focus on lower energies. An ARIANNA observation of a neutrino source would provide strong insight into the enigmatic sources of cosmic rays. ARIANNA observes the radio emission from high energy neutrino interactions in the Antarctic ice. Among radio based concepts under current investigation, ARIANNA would uniquely survey the vast majority of the southern sky at any instant in time, and an important region of the northern sky, by virtue of its location on the surface of the Ross Ice Shelf at Moore’s Bay. The broad sky coverage is specific to the Moore’s Bay site, providing capabilities to observe explosive sources from unknown directions. The ARIANNA architecture is designed to measure the angular direction to within 4 degrees for every neutrino candidate, which too plays an important role in the pursuit of multi-messenger observations of astrophysical sources. The sea level location reduces the impact of a potentially serious background associated with the cores of cosmic ray air showers striking the ice surface, generating radio pulses which are similar to those expected from neutrino events. Reflecting layers at the bottom or within the ice sheet (which are known to exist in thick ice sheets) might create a troublesome rate of background events, provided the reflection coefficients are large enough, that arrive at the detector from the same directions as neutrinos.