Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes
AbstractA large fraction of the kinetic energy in the ocean is stored in the “quasigeostrophic” eddy field. This “balanced” eddy field is expected, according to geostrophic turbulence theory, to transfer energy to larger scales. In order for the general circulation to remain approximately steady, in...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8w7522qg 2024-09-15T17:44:30+00:00 Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes Barkan, Roy Winters, Kraig B Llewellyn Smith, Stefan G 272 - 293 2015-01-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/content/qt8w7522qg/qt8w7522qg.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 unknown eScholarship, University of California qt8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/content/qt8w7522qg/qt8w7522qg.pdf doi:10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 public Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol 45, iss 1 Oceanography Maritime Engineering article 2015 ftcdlib https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 2024-06-28T06:28:21Z AbstractA large fraction of the kinetic energy in the ocean is stored in the “quasigeostrophic” eddy field. This “balanced” eddy field is expected, according to geostrophic turbulence theory, to transfer energy to larger scales. In order for the general circulation to remain approximately steady, instability mechanisms leading to loss of balance (LOB) have been hypothesized to take place so that the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) may be transferred to small scales where it can be dissipated. This study examines the kinetic energy pathways in fully resolved direct numerical simulations of flow in a flat-bottomed reentrant channel, externally forced by surface buoyancy fluxes and wind stress in a configuration that resembles the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The flow is allowed to reach a statistical steady state at which point it exhibits both a forward and an inverse energy cascade. Flow interactions with irregular bathymetry are excluded so that bottom drag is the sole mechanism available to dissipate the upscale EKE transfer. The authors show that EKE is dissipated preferentially at small scales near the surface via frontal instabilities associated with LOB and a forward energy cascade rather than by bottom drag after an inverse energy cascade. This is true both with and without forcing by the wind. These results suggest that LOB caused by frontal instabilities near the ocean surface could provide an efficient mechanism, independent of boundary effects, by which EKE is dissipated. Ageostrophic anticyclonic instability is the dominant frontal instability mechanism in these simulations. Symmetric instability is also important in a “deep convection” region, where it can be sustained by buoyancy loss. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic University of California: eScholarship Journal of Physical Oceanography 45 1 272 293 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Maritime Engineering |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Maritime Engineering Barkan, Roy Winters, Kraig B Llewellyn Smith, Stefan G Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Maritime Engineering |
description |
AbstractA large fraction of the kinetic energy in the ocean is stored in the “quasigeostrophic” eddy field. This “balanced” eddy field is expected, according to geostrophic turbulence theory, to transfer energy to larger scales. In order for the general circulation to remain approximately steady, instability mechanisms leading to loss of balance (LOB) have been hypothesized to take place so that the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) may be transferred to small scales where it can be dissipated. This study examines the kinetic energy pathways in fully resolved direct numerical simulations of flow in a flat-bottomed reentrant channel, externally forced by surface buoyancy fluxes and wind stress in a configuration that resembles the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The flow is allowed to reach a statistical steady state at which point it exhibits both a forward and an inverse energy cascade. Flow interactions with irregular bathymetry are excluded so that bottom drag is the sole mechanism available to dissipate the upscale EKE transfer. The authors show that EKE is dissipated preferentially at small scales near the surface via frontal instabilities associated with LOB and a forward energy cascade rather than by bottom drag after an inverse energy cascade. This is true both with and without forcing by the wind. These results suggest that LOB caused by frontal instabilities near the ocean surface could provide an efficient mechanism, independent of boundary effects, by which EKE is dissipated. Ageostrophic anticyclonic instability is the dominant frontal instability mechanism in these simulations. Symmetric instability is also important in a “deep convection” region, where it can be sustained by buoyancy loss. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Barkan, Roy Winters, Kraig B Llewellyn Smith, Stefan G |
author_facet |
Barkan, Roy Winters, Kraig B Llewellyn Smith, Stefan G |
author_sort |
Barkan, Roy |
title |
Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
title_short |
Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
title_full |
Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
title_fullStr |
Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Energy Cascades and Loss of Balance in a Reentrant Channel Forced by Wind Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes |
title_sort |
energy cascades and loss of balance in a reentrant channel forced by wind stress and buoyancy fluxes |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/content/qt8w7522qg/qt8w7522qg.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 |
op_coverage |
272 - 293 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol 45, iss 1 |
op_relation |
qt8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8w7522qg https://escholarship.org/content/qt8w7522qg/qt8w7522qg.pdf doi:10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 |
op_rights |
public |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0068.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Physical Oceanography |
container_volume |
45 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
272 |
op_container_end_page |
293 |
_version_ |
1810492117831647232 |