Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter.
Soil organic matter (SOM) is comprised of a diverse array of reactive carbon molecules, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, that impact rates of SOM formation and persistence. Despite clear importance to ecosystem science, little is known about broad-scale controls on SOM diversity and...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt730175xt 2024-01-21T10:10:57+01:00 Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. Davenport, Rachelle Bowen, Benjamin Lynch, Laurel Shabtai, Itamar Lehmann, Johannes Northen, Trent Kosina, Suzanne 2023-06-20 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/730175xt unknown eScholarship, University of California qt730175xt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/730175xt public Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, vol 120, iss 25 functional diversity molecular diversity soil organic matter Ecosystem Forests Tundra Carbon Soil article 2023 ftcdlib 2023-12-25T19:06:09Z Soil organic matter (SOM) is comprised of a diverse array of reactive carbon molecules, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, that impact rates of SOM formation and persistence. Despite clear importance to ecosystem science, little is known about broad-scale controls on SOM diversity and variability in soil. Here, we show that microbial decomposition drives significant variability in the molecular richness and diversity of SOM between soil horizons and across a continental-scale gradient in climate and ecosystem type (arid shrubs, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests, grasslands, and tundra sedges). The molecular dissimilarity of SOM was strongly influenced by ecosystem type (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 10% P < 0.001) and soil horizon (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 21%, P < 0.001), as assessed using metabolomic analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites. While the proportion of shared molecular features was significantly higher in the litter layer than subsoil C horizons across ecosystems (12 times and 4 times higher for hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, respectively), the proportion of site-specific molecular features nearly doubled from the litter layer to the subsoil horizon, suggesting greater differentiation of compounds after microbial decomposition within each ecosystem. Together, these results suggest that microbial decomposition of plant litter leads to a decrease in SOM α-molecular diversity, yet an increase in β-molecular diversity across ecosystems. The degree of microbial degradation, determined by the position in the soil profile, exerts a greater control on SOM molecular diversity than environmental factors, such as soil texture, moisture, and ecosystem type. Article in Journal/Newspaper Tundra University of California: eScholarship |
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Open Polar |
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University of California: eScholarship |
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ftcdlib |
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topic |
functional diversity molecular diversity soil organic matter Ecosystem Forests Tundra Carbon Soil |
spellingShingle |
functional diversity molecular diversity soil organic matter Ecosystem Forests Tundra Carbon Soil Davenport, Rachelle Bowen, Benjamin Lynch, Laurel Shabtai, Itamar Lehmann, Johannes Northen, Trent Kosina, Suzanne Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
topic_facet |
functional diversity molecular diversity soil organic matter Ecosystem Forests Tundra Carbon Soil |
description |
Soil organic matter (SOM) is comprised of a diverse array of reactive carbon molecules, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, that impact rates of SOM formation and persistence. Despite clear importance to ecosystem science, little is known about broad-scale controls on SOM diversity and variability in soil. Here, we show that microbial decomposition drives significant variability in the molecular richness and diversity of SOM between soil horizons and across a continental-scale gradient in climate and ecosystem type (arid shrubs, coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests, grasslands, and tundra sedges). The molecular dissimilarity of SOM was strongly influenced by ecosystem type (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 10% P < 0.001) and soil horizon (hydrophilic compounds: 17%, P < 0.001; hydrophobic compounds: 21%, P < 0.001), as assessed using metabolomic analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic metabolites. While the proportion of shared molecular features was significantly higher in the litter layer than subsoil C horizons across ecosystems (12 times and 4 times higher for hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, respectively), the proportion of site-specific molecular features nearly doubled from the litter layer to the subsoil horizon, suggesting greater differentiation of compounds after microbial decomposition within each ecosystem. Together, these results suggest that microbial decomposition of plant litter leads to a decrease in SOM α-molecular diversity, yet an increase in β-molecular diversity across ecosystems. The degree of microbial degradation, determined by the position in the soil profile, exerts a greater control on SOM molecular diversity than environmental factors, such as soil texture, moisture, and ecosystem type. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Davenport, Rachelle Bowen, Benjamin Lynch, Laurel Shabtai, Itamar Lehmann, Johannes Northen, Trent Kosina, Suzanne |
author_facet |
Davenport, Rachelle Bowen, Benjamin Lynch, Laurel Shabtai, Itamar Lehmann, Johannes Northen, Trent Kosina, Suzanne |
author_sort |
Davenport, Rachelle |
title |
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
title_short |
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
title_full |
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
title_fullStr |
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
title_sort |
decomposition decreases molecular diversity and ecosystem similarity of soil organic matter. |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/730175xt |
genre |
Tundra |
genre_facet |
Tundra |
op_source |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, vol 120, iss 25 |
op_relation |
qt730175xt https://escholarship.org/uc/item/730175xt |
op_rights |
public |
_version_ |
1788702427162083328 |