Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes
FADS genes encode fatty acid desaturases that are important for the conversion of short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to long chain fatty acids. Prior studies indicate that the FADS genes have been subjected to strong positive selection in Africa, South Asia, Greenland, and Europe. By co...
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6kg6f764 2024-06-23T07:53:17+00:00 Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes Buckley, Matthew T Racimo, Fernando Allentoft, Morten E Jensen, Majken K Jonsson, Anna Huang, Hongyan Hormozdiari, Farhad Sikora, Martin Marnetto, Davide Eskin, Eleazar Jørgensen, Marit E Grarup, Niels Pedersen, Oluf Hansen, Torben Kraft, Peter Willerslev, Eske Nielsen, Rasmus 1307 - 1318 2017-06-01 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kg6f764 unknown eScholarship, University of California qt6kg6f764 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kg6f764 CC-BY-NC-ND Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol 34, iss 6 Biological Sciences Genetics Nutrition Prevention Human Genome 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Aetiology Cardiovascular Metabolic and endocrine Alleles DNA Ancient Diet Dietary Fats Evolution Molecular Fatty Acid Desaturases Fatty Acids Unsaturated Gene Frequency Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Linoleic Acid Lipids Multigene Family Phenotype Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis White People selection human FADS Biochemistry and Cell Biology Evolutionary Biology article 2017 ftcdlib 2024-05-29T00:48:58Z FADS genes encode fatty acid desaturases that are important for the conversion of short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to long chain fatty acids. Prior studies indicate that the FADS genes have been subjected to strong positive selection in Africa, South Asia, Greenland, and Europe. By comparing FADS sequencing data from present-day and Bronze Age (5-3k years ago) Europeans, we identify possible targets of selection in the European population, which suggest that selection has targeted different alleles in the FADS genes in Europe than it has in South Asia or Greenland. The alleles showing the strongest changes in allele frequency since the Bronze Age show associations with expression changes and multiple lipid-related phenotypes. Furthermore, the selected alleles are associated with a decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids among Europeans; this is an opposite effect of that observed for selected alleles in Inuit from Greenland. We show that multiple SNPs in the region affect expression levels and PUFA synthesis. Additionally, we find evidence for a gene-environment interaction influencing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels between alleles affecting PUFA synthesis and PUFA dietary intake: carriers of the derived allele display lower LDL cholesterol levels with a higher intake of PUFAs. We hypothesize that the selective patterns observed in Europeans were driven by a change in dietary composition of fatty acids following the transition to agriculture, resulting in a lower intake of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but a higher intake of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland inuit University of California: eScholarship Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biological Sciences Genetics Nutrition Prevention Human Genome 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Aetiology Cardiovascular Metabolic and endocrine Alleles DNA Ancient Diet Dietary Fats Evolution Molecular Fatty Acid Desaturases Fatty Acids Unsaturated Gene Frequency Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Linoleic Acid Lipids Multigene Family Phenotype Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis White People selection human FADS Biochemistry and Cell Biology Evolutionary Biology |
spellingShingle |
Biological Sciences Genetics Nutrition Prevention Human Genome 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Aetiology Cardiovascular Metabolic and endocrine Alleles DNA Ancient Diet Dietary Fats Evolution Molecular Fatty Acid Desaturases Fatty Acids Unsaturated Gene Frequency Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Linoleic Acid Lipids Multigene Family Phenotype Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis White People selection human FADS Biochemistry and Cell Biology Evolutionary Biology Buckley, Matthew T Racimo, Fernando Allentoft, Morten E Jensen, Majken K Jonsson, Anna Huang, Hongyan Hormozdiari, Farhad Sikora, Martin Marnetto, Davide Eskin, Eleazar Jørgensen, Marit E Grarup, Niels Pedersen, Oluf Hansen, Torben Kraft, Peter Willerslev, Eske Nielsen, Rasmus Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences Genetics Nutrition Prevention Human Genome 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Aetiology Cardiovascular Metabolic and endocrine Alleles DNA Ancient Diet Dietary Fats Evolution Molecular Fatty Acid Desaturases Fatty Acids Unsaturated Gene Frequency Gene-Environment Interaction Humans Linoleic Acid Lipids Multigene Family Phenotype Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Sequence Analysis White People selection human FADS Biochemistry and Cell Biology Evolutionary Biology |
description |
FADS genes encode fatty acid desaturases that are important for the conversion of short chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to long chain fatty acids. Prior studies indicate that the FADS genes have been subjected to strong positive selection in Africa, South Asia, Greenland, and Europe. By comparing FADS sequencing data from present-day and Bronze Age (5-3k years ago) Europeans, we identify possible targets of selection in the European population, which suggest that selection has targeted different alleles in the FADS genes in Europe than it has in South Asia or Greenland. The alleles showing the strongest changes in allele frequency since the Bronze Age show associations with expression changes and multiple lipid-related phenotypes. Furthermore, the selected alleles are associated with a decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids among Europeans; this is an opposite effect of that observed for selected alleles in Inuit from Greenland. We show that multiple SNPs in the region affect expression levels and PUFA synthesis. Additionally, we find evidence for a gene-environment interaction influencing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels between alleles affecting PUFA synthesis and PUFA dietary intake: carriers of the derived allele display lower LDL cholesterol levels with a higher intake of PUFAs. We hypothesize that the selective patterns observed in Europeans were driven by a change in dietary composition of fatty acids following the transition to agriculture, resulting in a lower intake of arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but a higher intake of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Buckley, Matthew T Racimo, Fernando Allentoft, Morten E Jensen, Majken K Jonsson, Anna Huang, Hongyan Hormozdiari, Farhad Sikora, Martin Marnetto, Davide Eskin, Eleazar Jørgensen, Marit E Grarup, Niels Pedersen, Oluf Hansen, Torben Kraft, Peter Willerslev, Eske Nielsen, Rasmus |
author_facet |
Buckley, Matthew T Racimo, Fernando Allentoft, Morten E Jensen, Majken K Jonsson, Anna Huang, Hongyan Hormozdiari, Farhad Sikora, Martin Marnetto, Davide Eskin, Eleazar Jørgensen, Marit E Grarup, Niels Pedersen, Oluf Hansen, Torben Kraft, Peter Willerslev, Eske Nielsen, Rasmus |
author_sort |
Buckley, Matthew T |
title |
Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
title_short |
Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
title_full |
Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
title_fullStr |
Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Selection in Europeans on Fatty Acid Desaturases Associated with Dietary Changes |
title_sort |
selection in europeans on fatty acid desaturases associated with dietary changes |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kg6f764 |
op_coverage |
1307 - 1318 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland inuit |
genre_facet |
Greenland inuit |
op_source |
Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol 34, iss 6 |
op_relation |
qt6kg6f764 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kg6f764 |
op_rights |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
_version_ |
1802644854913630208 |