Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone
Stable isotope analysis of bone provides insight into animal foraging and allows for ecological reconstructions over time, however pre-treatment is required to isolate collagen. Pre-treatments typically consist of demineralization to remove inorganic components and/or lipid extraction to remove fats...
Published in: | Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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eScholarship, University of California
2024
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Online Access: | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/content/qt5j45m0nk/qt5j45m0nk.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9874 |
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ftcdlib:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5j45m0nk 2024-09-15T18:16:42+00:00 Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone Bowen, Kelly R Kurle, Carolyn M e9874 2024-10-15 application/pdf https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/content/qt5j45m0nk/qt5j45m0nk.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9874 unknown eScholarship, University of California qt5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/content/qt5j45m0nk/qt5j45m0nk.pdf doi:10.1002/rcm.9874 CC-BY-ND Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol 38, iss 19 Biological Sciences Ecology Animals Carbon Isotopes Nitrogen Isotopes Whale Killer Bone and Bones Mass Spectrometry Collagen Lipids Chemical Sciences Earth Sciences Analytical Chemistry article 2024 ftcdlib https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9874 2024-08-15T23:46:55Z Stable isotope analysis of bone provides insight into animal foraging and allows for ecological reconstructions over time, however pre-treatment is required to isolate collagen. Pre-treatments typically consist of demineralization to remove inorganic components and/or lipid extraction to remove fats, but these protocols can differentially affect stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values depending on the chemicals, tissues, and/or species involved. Species-specific methodologies create a standard for comparability across studies and enhance understanding of collagen isolation from modern cetacean bone. Elemental analyzers coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometers were used to measure the δ13C and δ15N values of powdered killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone that was intact (control) or subjected to one of three experimental conditions: demineralized, lipid-extracted, and both demineralized and lipid-extracted. Additionally, C:N ratios were evaluated as a proxy for collagen purity. Lastly, correlations were examined between control C:N ratios vs. historical age and control C:N ratios vs. sample characteristics. No significant differences in the δ15N values were observed for any of the experimental protocols. However, the δ13C values were significantly increased by all three experimental protocols: demineralization, lipid extraction, and both treatments combined. The most influential protocol was both demineralization and lipid extraction. Measures of the C:N ratios were also significantly lowered by demineralization and both treatments combined, indicating the material was closer to pure collagen after the treatments. Collagen purity as indicated via C:N ratio was not correlated with historical age nor sample characteristics. If only the δ15N values from killer whale bone are of interest for analysis, no pre-treatment seems necessary. If the δ13C values are of interest, samples should be both demineralized and lipid-extracted. As historical age and specimen characteristics are not correlated with sample ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale University of California: eScholarship Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 38 19 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of California: eScholarship |
op_collection_id |
ftcdlib |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Biological Sciences Ecology Animals Carbon Isotopes Nitrogen Isotopes Whale Killer Bone and Bones Mass Spectrometry Collagen Lipids Chemical Sciences Earth Sciences Analytical Chemistry |
spellingShingle |
Biological Sciences Ecology Animals Carbon Isotopes Nitrogen Isotopes Whale Killer Bone and Bones Mass Spectrometry Collagen Lipids Chemical Sciences Earth Sciences Analytical Chemistry Bowen, Kelly R Kurle, Carolyn M Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences Ecology Animals Carbon Isotopes Nitrogen Isotopes Whale Killer Bone and Bones Mass Spectrometry Collagen Lipids Chemical Sciences Earth Sciences Analytical Chemistry |
description |
Stable isotope analysis of bone provides insight into animal foraging and allows for ecological reconstructions over time, however pre-treatment is required to isolate collagen. Pre-treatments typically consist of demineralization to remove inorganic components and/or lipid extraction to remove fats, but these protocols can differentially affect stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values depending on the chemicals, tissues, and/or species involved. Species-specific methodologies create a standard for comparability across studies and enhance understanding of collagen isolation from modern cetacean bone. Elemental analyzers coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometers were used to measure the δ13C and δ15N values of powdered killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone that was intact (control) or subjected to one of three experimental conditions: demineralized, lipid-extracted, and both demineralized and lipid-extracted. Additionally, C:N ratios were evaluated as a proxy for collagen purity. Lastly, correlations were examined between control C:N ratios vs. historical age and control C:N ratios vs. sample characteristics. No significant differences in the δ15N values were observed for any of the experimental protocols. However, the δ13C values were significantly increased by all three experimental protocols: demineralization, lipid extraction, and both treatments combined. The most influential protocol was both demineralization and lipid extraction. Measures of the C:N ratios were also significantly lowered by demineralization and both treatments combined, indicating the material was closer to pure collagen after the treatments. Collagen purity as indicated via C:N ratio was not correlated with historical age nor sample characteristics. If only the δ15N values from killer whale bone are of interest for analysis, no pre-treatment seems necessary. If the δ13C values are of interest, samples should be both demineralized and lipid-extracted. As historical age and specimen characteristics are not correlated with sample ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bowen, Kelly R Kurle, Carolyn M |
author_facet |
Bowen, Kelly R Kurle, Carolyn M |
author_sort |
Bowen, Kelly R |
title |
Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
title_short |
Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
title_full |
Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
title_fullStr |
Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (Orcinus orca) bone |
title_sort |
effects of pre‐treatment, historical age, and sample characteristics on the stable isotope analyses of killer whale (orcinus orca) bone |
publisher |
eScholarship, University of California |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/content/qt5j45m0nk/qt5j45m0nk.pdf https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9874 |
op_coverage |
e9874 |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_source |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol 38, iss 19 |
op_relation |
qt5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j45m0nk https://escholarship.org/content/qt5j45m0nk/qt5j45m0nk.pdf doi:10.1002/rcm.9874 |
op_rights |
CC-BY-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9874 |
container_title |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
container_volume |
38 |
container_issue |
19 |
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1810454712306106368 |